Copper polystyrene

The oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol to yield poly(phenylene oxide) represents 90—95% of the consumption of 2,6-dimethylphenol (68). The oxidation with air is catalyzed by a copper—amine complex. The poly(phenylene oxide) derived from 2,6-dimethylphenol is blended with other polymers, primarily high impact polystyrene, and the resulting alloy is widely used in housings for business machines, electronic equipment and in the manufacture of automobiles (see Polyethers, aromatic). A minor use of 2,6-dimethylphenol involves its oxidative coupling to... 

Poly(phenylene ether). The only commercially available thermoplastic poly(phenylene oxide) PPO is the polyether poly(2,6-dimethylphenol-l,4-phenylene ether) [24938-67-8]. PPO is prepared by the oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol with a copper amine catalyst (25). Usually PPO is blended with other polymers such as polystyrene (see PoLYETPiERS, Aromatic). However, thermoplastic composites containing randomly oriented glass fibers are available. 

In a review of the course and mechanism of the catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate, the considerable effects of metal oxides in reducing the explosion temperature of the salt are described [1], Solymosi s previous work had shown reductions from 440° to about 270° by dichromium trioxide, to 260° by 10 mol% of cadmium oxide and to 200°C by 0.2% of zinc oxide. The effect of various concentrations of copper chromite , copper oxide, iron oxide and potassium permanganate on the catalysed combustion of the propellant salt was studied [2], Similar studies on the effects of compounds of 11 metals and potassium dichromate in particular, have been reported [3], Presence of calcium carbonate or calcium oxide has a stabilising effect on the salt, either alone or in admixture with polystyrene [4],... 

Eng used the galvanostatic deposition of monodisperse polystyrene particles onto a RCE from an acidic copper sulfate to test her theoretical predictions. The particle deposition was found to increase with current density. The increase was greatest at a rotation speed of 615 rpm, and lower at higher and lower rotation speeds. The effect of current density on particle deposition is predicted using her MEIPET boundary conditions but the effect of the rotation speed cannot be explained. 

ARGET ATRP has been successfully applied for polymerization of methyl methacrylate, ft-butyl acrylate and styrene in the presence of Sn(EH)2 (10 mol% vs. alkyl halide initiator or 0.07 mol% vs. monomer) [164,165]. For all monomers, polymerizations were well controlled using between 10 and 50 ppm of copper complexes with highly active TPMA and Me6TREN ligands. ARGET ATRP has also been utilized in the synthesis of block copolymers (poly(n-butyl acrylate)— -polystyrene and polystyrene-Z -poly(n-butyl acrylate) [164,165] and grafting... 

The effect of heat ageing on a polyolefin, as on modified polystyrene, is considerably influenced by particular pigment lakes. Heavy metal ions, especially copper,... 

Aminated Polystyrene-Copper Complexes as Oxidation Catalysts The Effect of the Degree of Substitution on Catalytic Activity... 

Example Polystyrenes ranging from PS 2200 to PS 12500 form [M+metal] ions with Ag" and Cu" ions when silver or copper(I) salts are admixed to the sample preparation, hi case of PS 12500, both metal ions were found to effect cationi-zation equally well, i.e., without causing differences in average molecular weight or ionic abundances (Fig. 10.12). [106]... 

Keki, S. Deak, G. Zsuga, M. Copper(I) Chloride a Simple Salt for Enhancement of Polystyrene Cationization in MALDI-MS. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001,15, 675-678. 

Vinylations and arylations of polystyrene-bound 2-bromofurans have been accomplished by treatment with stannanes [98] or boronic acids [99] in the presence of palladium complexes. Alternatively, 2-furylstannanes can be coupled with support-bound aryl iodides or bromides in the presence of palladium or copper complexes (Entries 5-7, Table 15.8). 

The resulting triazoles can be N-alkylated by treatment with alkyl halides (0.25 mol/L, 30 equiv., DMF, NaOH), but mixtures of the 1-alkylated and 2-alkylated triazoles are obtained [255]. 1,2,4-Triazoles have also been prepared from N-amino-amidines (amidohydrazones Entry 4, Table 15.20), which were prepared from resin-bound thioamides by S-alkylation with methyl triflate followed by treatment with hydrazine [256]. 1,2,4-Tri azoles undergo Michael addition to polystyrene-bound a-acetamido acrylates to yield triazole-derived a-amino acids (Entry 7, Table 15.20). Benzotriazoles have been N-arylated on insoluble supports by treatment with aryl-boronic acids in the presence of catalytic amounts of copper salts (Entry 8, Table... 

Copper phthalocyanine is more effective as a smoke retardant for polystyrene than most such complexes of the first row transition metals.31 Other copper compounds which are effective smoke retardants for poly(vinyl chloride) are Cu20, CuO, Cul and CuS04.5,101... 

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