Copper chronic effect

Fox DA, Lewkowski JP, Copper GP. 1977. Acute and chronic effects of neonatal lead exposure on development of the visual evoked response in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 49 449-461. 

Benoit, D.A. 1975. Chronic effects of copper on survival, growth, and reproduction of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 104 353-358. 

Buckley, J.T., M. Roch, J.A. McCarter, C.A. Rendell, and A.T. Mathieson. 1982. Chronic exposure of coho salmon to sublethal concentrations of copper - I. Effect on growth, on accumulation and distribution of copper, and on copper tolerance. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 72C 15-19. 

Serra A, Guasch H (2009). Effects of chronic copper exposure on fluvial systems linking stmctural and physiological changes of fluvial biofilms with the in-stream copper retention. Sci Tot Environ 407 5274... 

Brown, D.A., S.M. Bay, and G.P. Hershelman. 1990. Exposure of scorpionfish Scorpaena guttata) to cadmium effects of acute and chronic exposures on the cytosolic distribution of cadmium, copper and zinc. Aquat. Toxicol. 16 295-310. 

In mammals, phenobarbital and phenytoin increase serum ceruloplasmin concentrations (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). Chronic copper poisoning in sheep is exacerbated when diets contain heliotrope plants (Heliotropium sp., Echium spp., Senecio sp.). Aggravated effects of the heliotrope plants include reduced survival and a twofold to threefold increase in liver and kidney copper concentrations when compared to control animals fed copper without heliotropes (Howell et al. 1991). Rats given acutely toxic doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin had elevated concentrations of copper in liver and kidney because of impaired biliary excretion of copper (Elsenhans et al. 1991). Morphine increases copper concentrations in the central nervous system of rats, and dithiocarbam-ates inhibit biliary excretion (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). In human patients, urinary excretion of copper is increased after treatment with D-penicillamine, calcium disodium EDTA, or calcium trisodium diethylenetriamine penta acetic acid (Flora 1991). 

Aziz, J.B., N.M. Akrawi, and G.A. Nassori. 1991. The effect of chronic toxicity of copper on the activity of Balbiani rings and nucleolar organizing region in the salivary gland chromosomes of Chironomus ninevah larvae. Environ. Pollut. 69 125-130. 

Bechmann, R.K. 1994. Use of life tables and LC50 tests to evaluate chronic and acute toxicity effects of copper on the marine copepod Tisbe furcata (Baird). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13 1509-1517. 

Saucier, D., L. Astic, and P. Rioux. 1991a. The effects of early chronic exposure to sublethal copper on the olfactory discrimination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Environ. Biol. Fishes 30 345-351. 

Visviki, L. and J.W. Rachlin. 1994a. Acute and chronic exposure of Dunaliella salina and Chlamydomonas bullosa to copper and cadmium effects on growth. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26 149-153. 

Federspiel C, Layne JT, Auer C, et al Lung function among employees of a copper mine smelter Lack of effect of chronic sulfur dioxide exposure. J Occup Med 22 438 144, 1980... 

Ingestion of copper sulfate by humans causes vomiting, cramps, convulsions, and as little as 27 grams of the compound may cause deulh. An important part of the toxicity of copper to both plants and animals is probably due to its combination with thiol groups of certain enzymes, thereby inactivating them. The effects ol chronic exposure to copper in animals are cirrhosis of the liver, failure of growth, and jaundice. 

The wearing of copper bracelets to benefit arthritis is an apocryphal use of copper. It is not clear whether any measurable amount of copper is dissolved by the body. The average weight loss from copper bracelets is 12 mg month-1 while they are worn. Studies show that components in human sweat could solubilize this metal and possibly aid its absorption. On the other hand, copper-coated intrauterine devices can lead to the dissolution of about 25-50 mg Cu per year. There are no studies to show whether this leads to chronic copper toxicity or whether there is a protective effect against... 

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