Copper carbonate reaction with nitric acid

Sodium Nitroprusside, Na2Fe(CN)5NO (22.6.7) It is synthesized by successive reactions including the reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with nitric acid, which forms potassium nitroprusside (22.6.5), which is further transformed to copper nitroprusside (22.6.6), and reaction of this with sodium carbonate gives sodium nitroprusside (22.6.7). 

Reactivity and Incompatibility Sodium azide should not be allowed to come into contact with heavy metals or their salts, because it may react to form heavy metal azides, which are notorious shock-sensitive explosives. Do not pour sodium azide solutions into a copper or lead drain. Sodium azide reacts violently with carbon disulfide, bromine, nitric acid, dimethyl sulfate, and a number of heavy metals, including copper and lead. Reaction with water and acids liberates highly toxic hydrazoic acid, which is a dangerous explosive. Sodium azide is reported to react with CH2CI2 in the presence of DMSO to form explosive products. 

In A. Rosenheim and J. Pinsker s modification of J. Corne s process, 100 grms. of copper turnings are added to a mixture of 100 c.c. of water and 200 c.c. of nitric acid (sp. gr. 14) in a 3-litre flask. When the intensity of the reaction has subsided, yellow phosphorus is gradually added while the temp, is maintained between 50° and 70°. When the clear colourless liquid is decanted off, the copper is all precipitated as copper phosphide and spongy copper, and half is neutralized with sodium carbonate, and mixed with the other half. Crystals of the sodium salt, Na2H2P20e.4H20, separate after a time. The yield with copper nitrate is 10 per cent, of the theoretical, but is not so good if silver nitrate is used in place of copper. 

Normally, nitration of deactivated compounds (and therefore polynitration of toluene) is carried out using aggressive nitric acid - oleum mixtures. Dinitration of toluene with mixed acids produces a 4 1 ratio of 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluenes, from which the former is isolated for manufacture of toluenediisocyanate (TDI) and toluenediamine, both of which are used in the manufacture of polyurethanes. Zirconium and hafnium derivatives catalyse nitration of o-nitrotoluene, but ratios of 2,4- 2,6-dinitrotoluene are modest (66 34).12 Dinitration of toluene using Claycop (copper nitrate on K10 clay), acetic anhydride and nitric acid in the presence of carbon tetrachloride produced dinitrotoluenes in a yield of 85% with a ratio of 2,4- 2,6-dinitrotoluene of 9 1.13 This method, however, requires a large excess of nitric acid, the use of an unacceptable solvent and long reaction times. The direct nitration of toluene to 2,4-dinitrotoluene using nitric acid over a zeolite P catalyst, with azeotropic removal of water, is reported to give a 2,4 2,6 ratio of 14, but full results are yet to be published.14... 

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