Copolymers of poly

W. J., Degradation rates of polymei and copolymers of poly-lactic and poly glycolic acids. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol.,... 

Liang, D., Zhou, S., Song, L., Zaitsev, V. S., and Chu, B., Copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) densely grafted with poly(ethylene oxide) as high-performance separation matrix of DNA, Macromolecules, 32, 6326, 1999. 

Multiblock copolymers of poly(L-lysine) and PEG were prepared following the reaction sequence illustrated in Scheme 66. N-carboxy-(AT -benzyloxy... 

Baltd-Calleja, F. J., Gonzalez Arche, A., Ezquerra, T. A., Santa Cruz, C., Batallon, F., Frick, B. and Lopez Cabarcos, E. Structure and Properties of Ferroelectric Copolymers of Poly(vinylidene) Fluoride. Vol. 108, pp. 1-48. 

A strain of yeast and a strain of bacterium were co-immobilized to fabricate a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensor based on sol-gel derived composite materials97. This novel type of biosensor was developed for water monitoring and was used to determine the BOD values of OECD synthetic wastewater, domestic wastewater, and lake waters. The microorganisms Trichosporon cutaneum and Bacillus subtilis were coimmobilized in the sol-gel composite material, which was composed of silica and the grafting copolymer of poly (vinyl alcohol) and 4-vinylpyridine (PVA-g-P(4-VP)). 

Some other degradable (i.e., nonvinyl-type) polymers have been reported as components for amphiphilic block copolymers. For example, Hsiue reported the synthesis of a block copolymer of poly(2-ethyl oxazoline) and PLA by ROP. They reported the use of ABA-type triblock copolymers as pH-responsive polymer... 

Table 1 Characteristics of graft copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [165-167,170]...

The polymeric disulfide iniferter consisting of poly(DMS) 33 was also similarly prepared (Eq. 31) [ 143,151 ]. Block copolymers of poly(DMS) with MMA or St were synthesized with from two to eight blocks of both sequences per chain. 

M. Kreyenschmidt, G. Klaemer, T. Fuhrer, J. Ashenhurst, S. Karg, W.D. Chen, V.Y. Lee, J.C. Scott, and R.D. Miller, Thermally stable blue-light-emitting copolymers of poly(alkylfluorene), Macromolecules, 31 1099-1103, 1998. 

G.G. Malliaras, J.K. Herrema, J. Wildeman, R.H. Wieringa, R.E. Gill, S.S. Lampoura, and G. Hadziioannou, Tuning of the photo- and electroluminescence in multi-block copolymers of poly[(silanylene)-thiophene]s via exciton confinement, Adv. Mater., 5 721-723, 1993. 

Figure 6.6 Reactive extrusion block copolymer of poly(ethylene terephthalate) and polycaprolactone...

Fig. 14. Hyperbranched polymer grafts prepared on a mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) self assembled monolayer confined to a gold substrate. PAAM-c-PAA represents a random copolymer of poly(acrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) prepared from the poly(acrylic acid) carboxylic acid groups and an amine [129]...

We have shown that polymeric micelles constmcted of block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) and poly(L-asparate) containing the anticancer dmg (adriamycin, ADR) selectively accumulate at solid tumor sites by a passive targeting mechanism. This is likely due to the hydrophilicity of the outer PEG chains and micellar size (<100 nm) that allow selective tissue interactions [17,18]. Polymeric micelle size ranges are tailored during polymer synthesis steps. Carefully selection of block polymer chemistry and block lengths can produce micelles that inhibit nonselective scavenging by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and can be utilized as targetable dmg... 

Chung, J. E., Yokoyama, M., Yamato, M., Aoyagi, T., Sakurai Y., and Okano, T. Thermo-responsive drug delivery from polymeric micelles constructed using block copolymers of poly(A-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(butylmethacrylate), J. Contr. Rel, 1999, 62, 115-127. 

Figure 25. A-D Immunofluorescence staining of vmculrn in vascular smooth muscle cells on day 3 after seeding on polymeric surfaces (medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum). A poly(DL-lactic acid), PDLLA B block copolymer of poly(DL-lactic acid) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), PDLLA-6-PEO C, E PDLLA-6-PEO with 5% GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA D, F PDLLA-6-PEO with 20% GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA. E, F Immunoperoxidase staining of bromodeoxyuridine (arrows) incorporated into DNA newly synthesized in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured for 3 days in serum-free medium on PDLLA-Z)-PEO with 5% (E) or 20% (F) GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA. Cells counterstained with light green. Bar=100 pm [41].

Nafion is a copolymer of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and polysulfonyl fluoride vinyl ether. It has fixed anions, which are sulfonic acid sites, and consequently, by electroneutrality, the concentration of positive ions is fixed. Furthermore, the transference number of protons in this system is 1, which greatly simplifies the governing transport equations, as seen below. There can be different forms of Nafion in terms of the positive counterion (e.g., proton, sodium, etc.). Most models deal only with the proton or acid form of Nafion, which is the most common form used in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells due to its high proton conductivity. 

Based on this approach Schouten et al. [254] attached a silane-functionalized styrene derivative (4-trichlorosilylstyrene) on colloidal silica as well as on flat glass substrates and silicon wafers and added a five-fold excess BuLi to create the active surface sites for LASIP in toluene as the solvent. With THF as the reaction medium, the BuLi was found to react not only with the vinyl groups of the styrene derivative but also with the siloxane groups of the substrate. It was found that even under optimized reaction conditions, LASIP from silica and especially from flat surfaces could not be performed in a reproducible manner. Free silanol groups at the surface as well as the ever-present impurities adsorbed on silica, impaired the anionic polymerization. However, living anionic polymerization behavior was found and the polymer load increased linearly with the polymerization time. Polystyrene homopolymer brushes as well as block copolymers of poly(styrene-f)lock-MMA) and poly(styrene-block-isoprene) could be prepared. 

Topp MDC, Dijkstra PJ, Talsma H, Feijen J. Thermosensitive micelle-forming block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide). Macromolecules 1997 30 8518-8520. 

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