Persistent state

Iit74] Little, W.A., Existence of persistent states in the brain, Math. Bios. 19 (1974)... 

Transactions Because each component potentially maintains its own persistent state information, business transactions must cross multiple components. A common mechanism is needed for coordinating such distributed transactions correctly. These transactions will be nested rather than flat. 

The fitting process of the BET isotherm equation, as was persistently stated before, can be also carried out with the help of a nonlinear regression method [54],... 

Acute stress disorder is anxiety in response to a recent extreme stress. Although in some respects it is a normal and understandable reaction to an event, the problems associated with it are not only the severe distress the anxiety causes but also the risk that it may evolve into a more persistent state. 

Recurrent or persistent state. State j is said to be recurrent if the conditional probability of occupying Sj or returning to it, given that the system initially occupied Sj or started in it, is one. Thus, the eventual return to the state is certain. Taking into account Eq.(2-95), it follows that a state Sj is recurrent if ... 

Griffin, M.D. et al. (2001) Dendritic cell modulation by la,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogs a vitamin D receptor-dependent pathway that promotes a persistent state of immaturity in vitro and in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98, 6800-6805. 

In the definition of persistent infection, a distinction can be made between persistence at the population level, in which only a small fraction of the cells are infected, and a persistent state in which most of the cells contain viral antigens (Walker, 1964). I will only discuss the latter case here. 

Finally, ts mutants are often produced during infection of mosquito cells by alphaviruses and may contribute to the persistent state... 

When the first return probabilities for state i sum to one, the chain is certain to return to state i. In fact, because of the Markov property, given it has returned to state i, it is certain to return to state i again. Hence the chain is certain to return to state i infinitely often. In that case we say that the state z is a recurrent state. These are sometimes called persistent states. Recurrent states can be further classified by the mean first return time. When the mean first return time is finite, we say that the state is positive recurrent. The sequence of first return probabilities /]" is going to zero at such a rate that n x /]" j converges to a finite number. That means that /]" must go to zero at a faster rate than When the mean first return time is infinite we say the state is null recurrent. The chain is certain to return to a null recurrent state, but the first return probabilities are going to zero at a much slower rate so that Sn diverges. That means that /]" must go to zero at a slower rate than n. These classifications are summarized in Table 5.1. 

To see how interferometry can detect the difference between resonant and nonresonant processes, consider the experimental set-up shown in Figure 2 (a) and the shape of the anti-Stokes pulses produced by the long pump and short Stokes pulses previously mentioned. This combination of pulses is illustrated in Figure 2 (b). en the pump and Stokes pulses overlap, the molecule will be excited by SRS. This excitation will remain after the Stokes pulse passes. At the moment of the overlap, nonresonant four-wave-mixing processes can also be excited. However, because there is no persistent state associated with nonresonant processes, the nonresonant emission will end quickly after the Stokes pulse passes. With a Raman-active resonance, however, the pump can produce anti-Stokes radiation via SRS even after the Stokes has passed, because the resonance persists. Therefore, the nonresonant component can be discarded by rejecting any anti-Stokes radiation that occurs coincident with the Stokes pulse. 

Final comments As persistently stated in this chapter, the stability of protecting groups during the removal of N-phthalimido has to be carefully considered while selecting a strategy. This work points out the stability of a primary sulfate function during hydrazinolysis of the N-phthalimido group (Scheme 12). 

There are many examples in nature where a system is not in equilibrium and is evolving in time towards a thennodynamic equilibrium state. (There are also instances where non-equilibrium and time variation appear to be a persistent feature. These include chaos, oscillations and strange attractors. Such phenomena are not considered here.)... 

M continually decreases under the influence of spin-spin relaxation which destroys the initial phase coherence of the spin motion within they z-plane. In solid-state TREPR, where large inliomogeneous EPR linewidths due to anisotropic magnetic interactions persist, the long-time behaviour of the spectrometer output, S(t), is given by... 

The reason that non-adiabatic transitions must be included for protons is that fluctuations in the potential for the quantum degrees of freedom due to the environment (e.g. solvent) contain frequencies comparable to the transition frequencies between protonic quantum states. In such cases pure quantum states do not persist. 

Low level blends of ethanol and and gasoline enjoyed some popularity in the United States in the 1970s. The interest persists into the 1990s, encouraged by the exemption of low level ethanol-gasoline blends from the Federal excise tax as well as from state excise taxes in many states. 

Since about 1968, triple superphosphate has been far outdistanced by diammonium phosphate as the principal phosphate fertilizer, both in the United States and worldwide. However, production of triple superphosphate is expected to persist at a moderate level for two reasons (/) at the location of a phosphoric acid—diammonium phosphate complex, production of triple superphosphate is a convenient way of using sludge acid that is too impure for diammonium phosphate production and (2) the absence of nitrogen in triple superphosphate makes it the preferred source of phosphoms for the no-nitrogen bulk-blend fertilizers that frequendy are prescribed for leguminous crops such as soy beans, alfalfa, and clover. 

Hydrogen atoms can be produced in significant quantities in the gas phase by the action of radiation on or by extreme heating of H2 (3000 K). Although hydrogen atoms are very reactive, these atoms can persist in the pure state for significant periods of time because of the inabiUty to recombine without a third body to absorb the energy of bond formation. 

Dieldrin [60-57-1] or l,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-l,4,4t ,5,8,8t -hexahydro-6,7-epoxy-l,4- <7o, Aro-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene (34) (mp 176°C, vp 0.4 mPa at 20°C) is formed from aldrin by epoxidation with peracetic or perben2oic acids. It is soluble in water to 27 / g/L. Aldrin and dieldrin have had extensive use as soil insecticides and for seed treatments. Dieldrin, which is very persistent, has had wide use to control migratory locusts, as a residual spray to control the Anopheles vectors of malaria, and to control tsetse flies. Because of environmental persistence and propensity for bio accumulation, registrations in the United States were canceled in 1974. 

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