Controlled release drug delivery systems

Controlled-release drug delivery systems mimic nature. Molecules called lipids are found in fats and also form the membranes of living cells. A lipid molecule is similar in struc-... 

Baker, R. W., Krisko, E. A., Kochinke, F., Grassi, M., Armitage, G., and Robertson, P., A controlled release drug delivery system for the periodontal pocket, Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater., 15, 238, 1988. 

With one exception, all the chapters from the third edition of Modern Pharmaceutics that appear in the fourth edition have been revised and updated. Many chapters were extensively updated, and some, such as the first and last chapters, were extensively rewritten. Due to the illness of Dr. Robinson, the chapter on sustained and controlled release drug delivery systems was updated with the assistance of Gil Banker, with Dr. Robinson s approval. 

Sustained- and Controlled-Release Drug-Delivery Systems... 

Before treating the various classes of sustained- and controlled-release drug-delivery systems in this chapter, it is appropriate to note that drug delivery may be incorporated in other chapters where the various classes of drug products and routes of administration are discussed. In addition, the reader is referred to Chapter 14 on target-oriented drug-delivery systems. 

Another circumstance in which there may be generally compelling reasons to require quantification of active metabolites is when a controlled-release drug-delivery system is used for a drug that has an active metabolite. Some of the papers that consider the topics of bioequivalency testing for drugs with long half-lives or active metabolites are listed in the references section of this chapter [12-17]. 

New Drugs Discovery and Development, edited by Alan A. Rubin Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, edited by Joseph R. Robinson... 

Poly-j3-malate is readily degraded completely to L-malic acid under both acid and base conditions [108], and it can also be hydrolyzed by enzymes within the cell [105,106]. Recently, several bacteria were isolated which were able to utilize poly-/i-malate as sole carbon source for growth [109]. Because the polymer is biodegradable and bioadsorbable, it is of considerable interest for pharmaceutical applications, especially in controlled-release drug delivery systems [97,98]. Chemical routes to poly-/ -malate are expected to provide materials with various properties [110]. 

Gray, J.E. (1978). Pathological evaluation of injection injury. In Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (Robinson, J., Ed.). Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 351-405. 

Sun Y, Peng Y, Chen Y Shukla AJ (2003) Application of artificial neural networks in the design of controlled release drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 55 1201-1215. 

The eoneept of mueoadhesion in drug delivery was introduced in the field of controlled-release drug delivery systems in the early 1980s [2,3]. Thereafter, several researchers have focused on the investigations of the interfacial phenomena of mucoadhesive hydrogels (and of other type mucoadhesive compounds) with the mucus. Several techniques of studying these interactions were evaluated both in vitro and... 

The inert matrix formulation provided by ethylcellulose and Pevikon (polyvinyl chloride) was an effective vehicle for controlled release drug delivery systems. 

Figure 4.1 6 A controlled release drug-delivery system that utilizes both siloxane elastomers and fluids. The photograph was generously provided by the Dow Coming Corporation of Midland, MI.

The regulation of drug input into the body is the core tenet of controlled release drug delivery systems. With advances in engineering and material sciences, controlled release delivery systems are able to mimic multiple kinetic types of input, ranging from instantaneous to complex kinetic order. In this section three of the most common input functions found in controlled release drug delivery systems will be discussed— instantaneous, zero order, and first order. 

The design of controlled release drug delivery systems should be done with a thorough knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the route of administration. The different barriers and drug delivery considerations for each route are summarized below. 

C. T. Rhodes and S. C. Porter. Coatings for controlled-release drug delivery systems. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 24(12) 1139—1154, 1998. 

V. H. L. Lee and J. R. Robinson. Methods to achieve sustained drug delivery The physical approach Oral and parenteral dosage forms, in J. R. Robinson (ed.), Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vol. 6 Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, 3d ed. New York Marcel Dekker, 1978, pp. 123—173. 

The notion that bioadhesion enhances the efficiency of drug delivery through an intimate and prolonged contact between the delivery device and the absorption site has resulted in considerable efforts to develop and evaluate bioadhesive polymers. The use of bioadhesive polymers in controlled release drug delivery systems provides potential advantages, including... 

Desai, S., and Bolton, S. A floating controlled-release drug delivery system In vitro-in vivo evaluation. Pharm. Res. 10(9) 1321-1325, 1993. 

Chiao, C. S. L., and Robinson, J. R. Sustained and Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems, 19th ed. Philadelphia Mark Publishing Company, 1995. 

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