Smaller contractors

Less mechanization is used on smaller tracts of individually owned land, where the terrain is mountainous or otherwise difficult to reach, or where thinning as opposed to clear-cutting is the preferred silvicultural practice. The harvesting operation maybe done by the landowner or small contractor using chainsaws and tractors. In some operations where minimal damage to the forest is critical, horses may be used. Sale of pulpwood to the mill operation is usually through dealers. 

A large organization will have its ovm in-house janitors. For smaller facilities, janitorial services will usually be taken care of by a contractor. The exact work to be done by such a contractor should be spelled out in writing, where no details must be left out. Unfortunately, the degree of cleanliness is hard to define in exact terms. 

SUPER-SCOT An improved version of the SCOT process which emits smaller quantities of sulfur compounds. Engineered by Stork Engineers and Contractors. 

On the smaller scale, equipment can be leased, and this concept is expanding into BOO (build, operate and own) contracts where another company - usually a plant contractor - will supply the plant, but retain ownership of it. 

Although this is not always the case, smaller contractors are usually more flexible and informal than large ones. 

When a special expertise is required, it may be possible to avoid the large engineering firm by shopping around for individual experts to support the efforts of smaller contractors. 

Inspection must be performed by qualified personnel. Large contractors usually have a staff of qualified inspectors, while smaller contractors would use their mechanical or electrical engineers. Even when inspection is handled by a... 

Contractor Size Factor - Because of the smaller size of the groups, the less formal communication and documentation procedures and the simple supervision structure, a plant engineering group is able to perform engineering even more effectively than a small contractor. 

The complex new task Determine Mixing Quality in the delegated process is refined by the manager on the subcontractor side by a private subnet to break it down into smaller working units and assign separate resources to each of the tasks. This refining task net comprises the tasks Prepare Simulation, Generate Mesh, Perform 3D-Simulation and Evaluate as shown in Fig. 3.86. The subnet is not part of the contract between contractor and subcontractor and can therefore be hidden from the contractor by means of private tasks. 

For both pharma and biotech grow or die always seemed to be the rule. But how to grow innovation and subsequent profits without growing an enormous infrastructure and its inevitable inefficiencies is the problem. Increasing willingness to use contractors and collaborators for parts of the R D process and corporate reorganizations designed to provide smaller, more productive business units are probably part of the answer. 

The context for this book is large UK construction sites (over 15 million in value) operated by large main contractors (found within the top 30 contractors in terms of annual work won by value in the UK), rather than those operated by small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) or micro operations and sole traders. However, smaller industry organisations inevitably participate in work on large sites as they operate as subcontractors within industry supply chains. Research has shown that subcontractors take their ideas of safety with them when they move from project to project (Aboagye-Nimo eta/. 2012), and therefore SMEs and even micro-SMEs play a considerable part in helping to create and perpetuate what safety is on large construction sites. 

Project team Relatively smaller team as most of the activities are performed by in-house project team Generally, very big project and engineering contractor teams will be involved... 

Smaller plants are much easier to design (smaller in the context of number of components rather than physical size or capacity), accurately and quickly, than larger plants, evidently because there are fewer internal interfaces, and therefore design iterations and interface errors are reduced. Construction organization may be simplified and site interfaces reduced, bringing benefits such as reduced interference between different contractors and more competition between smaller, more focused construction organizations. 

The plant was separated into three distinct modules, instead of the previous practice of a single integrated unit. This would enable him to concentrate his (limited) design team on the design of the reactor section without regard to the other two simpler modules, whose delay could be accommodated. The penalty for this was two additional piperacks, extra pipework, and a need for more ground, but there were also other beneficial spin-offs separate and less expensive construction contractors could be used for the two smaller modules, and the feed preparation module could be commissioned and used to build up intermediate feedstock, while it was still safe to carry out hot work on the reactor section. 

Many smaller contractors will only need a partial SEMS-type program. For example, a company that only provides painting services may only need to address the elements of SEMP that are highlighted in Table 6.9. 

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