Continuous filaments fibres

A filament wound composite cylindrical pressure vessel has a diameter of 1200 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm. It is made up of 10 plies of continuous glass fibres in a polyester resin. The anangement of the plies is [O3/6O/ — 60],. Calculate the axial and hoop strain in the cylinder when an internal pressure of 3 MN/m is applied. The properties of the individual plies are... 

If the matrix in 3.7 was reinforced with the same volume fraction of glass but in the form of randomly oriented glass fibres rather than continuous filaments, what would be the tensile strength of the composite. The fibres are 15 mm long, have an aspect ratio of 1000 and produce a reinforcement efficiency of 0.25. The fibre strength is 2 GN/m and the shear strength of the interface is 4 MN/m". 

Continuous filament glass fibres Respirable Inhalable Glass wool fibres Rock wool fibres Stag wool fibres Special purpose glass fibres Talc (containing no asbestos fibres)... 

By using special techniques, in which the reinforcing glass fibres are wound on in the form of a continuous filament, high strength can be obtained, and this method is used to produce pressure vessels. 

In the manufacture of man-made and synthetic textiles the base materials are extruded through tiny orifices producing continuous lengths of very fine fibres or filaments. The textiles are mostly used in this continuous filament form, but for some purposes the filaments may be cut up into short fibres and spun into a yam. 

A fine wire or thread. In textile technology the fine thread formed at the spinnerettes in the manufacture of synthetic and man-made fibres. See Continuous Filament. 

Man-made fibres produced as continuous filaments and then cut into short lengths to match those of some natural fibres such as cotton or wool. The staple of cotton, wool, staple fibre, etc., is an indication of the average fibre length. Stark Rubber... 

Mats chopped fibres (50 mm) are held together with a binder to form a sheet. Continuous filament mats sheets of felt of continuous filaments with a binder. Stratipregs or prepregs rovings impregnated with a resin. 

Fibre PRD-166 another polycrystalline continuous alumina fibre yam produced by DuPont in the 1980s. PRD-166 fibre yam is a modified form of FP fibre yam. The diameter of this fibre filament is 20 pm. The modification of FP fibre is made by incorporating 15-20 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconium particles. The idea of incorporating Y203-stabilized zirconia particles was to take care of problems such as unstable mechanical... 

Silk is the only natural fibre which exists as a continuous filament. Each Bombyx mori cocoon can yield up to 1600 meters of filament. These can be easily joined together using the adhesive qualities of seriein to form a theoretically endless filament. 

The early methods of spinning viscose continuous filament were based upon rapid coagulation and regeneration after extrusion. This procedure is reversed in the preparation of polynosic fibres because the coagulating liquor only decomposes the xanthate slowly so that considerable stretching... 

Terylene, like nylon, is thermoplastic and can have permanent pleats or shapes imposed by the action of heat with or without steam. It breaks under loads of 4-2 to 4-8 g per denier and the continuous filament has an extension of 22 to 30 per cent at the breaking point. The fibre has marked crystallinity as shown by the X-ray diffraction diagram illustrated in Fig. 2.7, and by the low moisture regain of 0-4 per cent. The closely packed and highly-orientated molecules make Terylene markedly hydrophobic and difficult to dye. Modified polyester fibres are produced with an affinity for both disperse and cationic dyes. 

Vinyon N is a continuous-filament yarn and Dynel is a staple fibre both are copolymers composed of 60 per cent vinyl chloride and 40 per cent acrylonitrile. These fibres are considerably more stable towards heat commencing to shrink at 116°C, and softening in the region of 130°C when shrinkage becomes marked. Dynel finds textile application because it has adequate stability towards heat, an extremely soft handle and is cheaper than the acrylics. 

Polyamide fibres can be dyed with both cold- and hot-dyeing reactive colours in a liquor containing 4 per cent of the weight of the goods of acetic acid 80 per cent. The load is entered at 40°C (104°F) and the temperature brought up to 95°C (203°F), after which dyeing is continued for 1 hour, or more, if necessary. The reaetive dyes are satisfactory on staple yarns where differences in the affinity of the polyamide fibre are randomized. In continuous filaments any irregularities in the yarn are not covered. 

ISO 1888. 1979 Textile glass Determination of the average diameter of staple fibres, or continuous filaments constituting a textile glass yarn—Cross section method. 

Manufacturers of composite structures have traditionally used prepreg tape to manufacture structural components. Fibres are initially combined into unidirectional tows (bundles) of fibres combined into fabrics, e.g. by weaving or knitting. The vast majority of the tows employed in woven, braided or knitted reinforcements comprise low twist or untwisted continuous filament yams. Three-dimensional technical textiles can be produced by weaving [5], knitting [6] and braiding [7] or as non-crimp fabrics. 

Man-made fibres are normally spun as continuous filaments by means of spinneret technology. The cross-section and surface of these fibres can be widely modified, particularly when different spinneret cross-section geometries are utilised from round to profiled, solid to hollow, smooth to structured or crimped. The cross-section has a considerable effect on visual properties such as lustre, colour, transparency and cleanabiUty and on the physiological properties of moisture transfer and heat insulation. 

Several yam manufacturing methods exist in the textile industry. The characteristics of the yam that is used in constmcting a fabric highly influences the mechanical properties of the fabric and similarly, the yam characteristics are strongly dependent upon the fibre characteristics and the yam stmcture. The yam can be formed by using either staple fibres or continuous filaments. Several spinning systems exist for processing staple fibre yams, each of which has a different structure and exhibits different properties. Similarly, continuous filament yams can be manufactured as either monofilaments or multifilaments, with or without twist imparted into them. 

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