Continuous and intermittent

Leaching Cycle and Contact Method As is true generally, the choice between continuous and intermittent operation is largely a matter of the size and nature of the process of which the extraction is a part. The choice of a percolation or solids-dispersion technique depends principally on the amenability of the extraction to effective, sufficiently rapid percolation. 

The expressions shown in Table 6.1 all include constants that have been found good approximate values based on experiments. These values may of course be adjusted to account for specific cases. As an example, different flow conditions in continuously and intermittently pumped mains may affect the transfer of substances and products across the biofilm-water interface, and, thereby, the production of sulfide (Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works, 1989). 

P. E. Belchetz, T. M. Plant, Y. Nakai, E. J. Keogh, and E. Knobil, Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science 202, 631-633 (1978). 

Jumah, R., Modelling and simulation of continuous and intermittent radio frequency-assisted fluidized bed drying of grains. Food Bioprod. Proc., 83 (2005) 203-210. 

Figure 7.16 Variation of activity for O2 evolution as a function of electrolysis time for continuous and intermittent electrolysis [65].

There is an international standard, ISO 691455 which covers both the continuous and intermittent procedures plus the simplified intermittent method. Strip test pieces are used, 1 mm thick to minimise oxygen diffusion effects. Measurement at a series of temperatures is recommended and results are presented in graphical form but no consideration is given to interpretation. British Standards did not accept this revision of ISO 6914 and BS 903 Part A5256 is identical to the 1985 ISO method. The revision was not accepted in the UK because mistakes in handling comments resulted in inconsistencies. As an example, the title is now stress relaxation but a note says that this term is avoided ... 

In the event of continuous and intermittent fluidized-layer granulators3l), the source powder is mixed due to creation of a boiling (fluidized) layer in the air flow, the powder being sprinkled with a suitable liquid until granules are formed. 

Hert, J., Liskova, M. and Landa, J. (1971) Reaction of bone to mechanical stimuli. Part I. Continuous and intermittent loading of tibia in rabbit. Folia Morphologia 19 290-300... 

Engber, T. M. et al. (1989). Continuous and intermittent levodopa differentially affect rotation induced by D-l and D-2 dopamine agonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168(3), 291-298. 

Munro JF, MacCuish AC, Wilson EM, Duncan LJ. Comparison of continuous and intermittent anorectic therapy in obesity. Br Med J 1968 1 352-354. 

Mouton, J., Vinks, A., and Punt, N., Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of activity of ceftazidime during continuous and intermittent infusion, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Vol. 41, No. 4, 1997, pp. 733-738. 

The work referred to above which invalidates the mechanism proposed by Rollefson is that of Burns and Dainton Their experiments were conducted with both continuous and intermittent light, and the reaction was followed by pressure change since the overall reaction is... 

Provides antiozonant and antioxidant properties with high temperature, fatigue and flex resistance to rubber compounds. Used in pneumatic tire components, solid tires, belts, hoses, cables, automotive mounts, bushings and general mechanical products that are exposed to continuous and intermittent dynamic operating conditions that require protection from ozonation. 

M. A. Christmass, B. Dawson, P. Passeretto, and P. G. Arthur, A Comparison of Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation and Fuel Use in Sustained Continuous and Intermittent Exercise, Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occupat. Physiol., 80(5), 423-435 (1999). 

Fig. 2. Left An idealized representation of a thermoluminescence profile illustrating labeling employed in this chapter. Right TL bands of mature leaves of wheat [(a) and (b)] and greening leaves of wheat grown under intermittent illumination [(c) and (d)J. Illumination at -60 C [(a) and (c)] and at -20 C [(b) and (d)]. The dashed-line profiles show TL bands produced without illumination. See text for discussion. Figure source Inoue, Ichikawa and Shibata (1976) Development of thermoluminescence bands during greening of wheat leaves under continuous and intermittent illumination. Photochem Photobiol 23 126.

Y Inoue, T Ichikawa and K Shibata (1976) Development ot thermoluminescence bands during the greening of wheat leaves under continuous and intermittent illumination. Photochem Photobiol 23 125-130... 

Sodium restriction is also a necessary intervention. A diet with 3 g of sodium per day is usually a reasonable place to start. Ingestion of too much sodium is a common reason diuretic therapy fails. Clinicians should be vigilant about sources of sodium. For example, 1 L of 0.9% NaCl yields 154 mEq of sodium, or 3.5 g. Sodium is usually restricted even in patients who are receiving RRT. In continuous and intermittent RRTs there usually is no worry about hyponatremia developing because these therapies will incorporate isonatremic (135 to 140 mEq/L of sodium) solutions as dialysate or ultrafiltrate replacement solutions. Serum sodium concentrations should be monitored daily. 

Continuous and intermittent pilots are permitted if only the main burner flame is monitored during the burner operation. 

The response of the class 11 male P450 genes to hypophysectomy of female rats, which derepresses, that is, increases liver enzyme levels to near-normal intact male liver levels, demonstrates that the class II male liver P450s are subject to negative pituitary regulation in female rat liver, where their expression is strongly repressed by the near continuous pattern of plasma GH exposure. These patterns of hormonal regulation are summarized in Table 9.2, which presents the responses of representative sex-specific liver CYPs to continuous and intermittent GH treatment applied to intact, hypo-physectomized and neonatal MSG-treated rats. 

With respect to the mutual interactions between nutrients and ph3do-plankton, both the continuous and intermittent input of nutrients can firstly cause diatom bloom and then dinoflagellate bloom. However, the intermittent input of nutrients can affect the occurrence time and dominant species of dinoflagellate bloom. Lin et al. (1994) found that after phosphorus addition into enclosure ecosystems, the macro-ph3doplankton were the major contributor to the total biomass of ph3doplankton in October, and micro-ph3doplankton in May. 

There has been considerable interest in recent years in ultrasonic sealing for food packaging applications. Systems are available for both continuous and intermittent ultrasonic sealing. This appears to be a growth area. 

Figure 7.10 Comparison of continuous and intermittent creep (6 h per day) of polypropylene at 20 °C and 10 MPa stress. The maximum strain at the end of each intermittent creep period is plotted against the cumulative creep time (from Plastics and Mechanical Engineering Design, ICI Plastics Division, booklet GI 17).

Hemati, M., M. Mourad, D. Steinmetz, and C. Lagurie (1992). Continuous and intermittent drying of maize in a flotation fluidized bed. Fluidization VII. Proceedings of the Seventh Engineering Foundation Conference on Fluidization, May 3-8, 1992, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. 

Roll, E.B. (2005). Bihrubin-induced cell death during continuous and intermittent phototherapy and in the dark. Acta Paediatr. 94 1437-1442... 

Systems are generally made up of components which must be operating in order for the system to fulfil its mission (continuous and intermittent duty components), standby components which take over the function of the operating component if it should fail and the components of the monitoring and safety systems. The latter only have to function on demand. Therefore they also belong to the class of standby components. 

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