Rotationally induced

Chalasinski G, Kendall R A, Taylor H and Simons J 1988 Propensity rules for vibration-rotation induced electron detachment of diatomic anions application to NH -> NH + e J. Phys. Chem. 92 3086-91... 

For liquids, the dominant relaxation mechanism is the nuclear-nuclear dipole interaction, in which simple motion of one nucleus with respect to the other is the most common source of relaxation [12, 27]. In the gas phase, however, the physical mechanism of relaxation is often quite different. For gases such as the ones listed above, the dominant mechanism is the spin-rotation interaction, in which molecular collisions alter the rotational state of the molecule, leading to rotation-induced magnetic fluctuations that cause relaxation [27]. The equation governing spin-rotation relaxation is given by... 

Different investigations of the possible connection between rotation and the Li dip have appeared in the literature. Most relied on highly simplified descriptions of the rotation-induced mixing processes. In the MC model of Tassoul Tassoul (1982) used by Charbonneau Michaud (1988), the feed-back effect due to angular momentum (hereafter AM) transport as well as the induced turbulence were ignored. Following Zahn (1992), Charbonnel et al. (1992, 1994) considered the interaction between MC and turbulence induced by rotation, but the transport of AM was not treated self-consistently. 

In Talon Charbonnel (1998, TC98), Charbonnel Talon (1999, CT99) and Palacios et al. (2003) we went one step further We included in the models the most complete description currently available for rotation-induced mixing, and we computed self-consistently the transport of the chemicals and that of AM due to wind-driven MC. We used the same input physics than that used with success by the Geneva group to explain several observational patterns of more massive stars (e.g. Maeder Meynet 2000 and Talon Charbonnel 2003 and references therein). 

The lower part shows a fluctuating field in phase with a rotating induced dipole, which is always directed with the field. 

Theoretical Studies of Rotation Induced Fermi Resonances in HOC1. 

Eqs. 7.22 and 7.24 represent the velocities due to screw rotation for the observer in Fig. 7.9, which corresponds to the laboratory observation. Eq. 7.25 is equivalent to Eq. 7.24 for a solution that does not incorporate the effect of channel width on the z-direction velocity. For a wide channel it is the z velocity expected at the center of the channel where x = FK/2 and is generally considered to hold across the whole channel. The laboratory and transformed velocities will predict very different shear rates in the channel, as will be shown in the section below relating to energy dissipation and temperature estimation. Finally, it is emphasized that as a consequence of this simplified screw rotation theory, the rotation-induced flow in the channel is reduced to two components x-direction flow, which pushes the fluid toward the outlet, and z-direction flow, which tends to carry the fluid back to the inlet. Equations 7.26 and 7.27 are the velocities for pressure-driven flow and are only a function of the screw geometry, viscosity, and pressure gradient. 

Gabriel, M. (1997) Influence of heavy element and rotationally induced diffusions on solar models. Astronomy and Astrophyics, 327, 771-778. 

Molecular systems. Translational spectra like the ones shown for rare gas mixtures exist also for molecular gases and mixtures involving molecular gases. However, in that case, the rotational induced band will in general affect the appearance of the translational line since it appears generally at nearly the same frequencies. 

If molecular gases are considered, infrared spectra richer than those seen in the rare gases occur. Besides the translational spectra shown above, various rotational and rotovibrational spectral components may be expected even if the molecules are non-polar. Besides overlap, other induction mechanisms become important, most notably multipole-induced dipoles. Dipole components may be thought of as being modulated by the vibration and rotation of the interacting molecules so that induced supermolecular bands appear at the rotovibrational frequencies. In other words, besides the translational induced spectra studied above, we may expect rotational induced bands in the infrared (and rotovibrational and electronic bands at higher frequencies as this was suggested above, Eq. 1.7 and Fig. 1.3). Lines at sums and differences of such frequencies also occur and are common in the fundamental and overtone bands. We will discuss the rotational pair and triplet spectra first. 

Theoretically, similar dimer structures appear near all rotational transition frequencies of nearly any molecule, for example if N2 is substituted for H2 in such measurements. However, the narrowly spaced N2 So(J) lines are much more numerous and the dimer structures are thus more difficult to resolve. Just a few measurements exist in the purely rotational induced bands of molecules other than H2. The phenomena described here are, however, nearly universal and should in general be more complex if other molecules than H2 are involved than the examples shown. Note that in Fig. 3.26 the diffuse induced H2 So(0) fine was suppressed. Similar structures have been seen in the other H2 So(J) fines [268]. 

Besides the collision-induced dipoles, we will occasionally refer to field-induced dipoles, or to rotation-induced dipoles, that is dipoles induced by an external electric field, or by centrifugal forces distorting certain symmetries of rotating molecules. Moreover, we will be interested in the dipoles induced in binary, ternary, etc., systems as we proceed. 

The computed profiles are shown in Figs. 6.11 and 6.12. The various components labeled XL = 01, 21, 23, and 45 are sketched lightly. Their sum is given by the heavy curve marked total. The spectra consist of a broad, purely translational part that is dominated at the low frequencies by the isotropic component (XL = 01). Other, generally smaller contributions are noticable, the most significant of which is the quadrupole-induced component (XL = 23) which shapes the rotational, induced lines, So(J) with J = 0,1,..., of H2 this component arises from a dipole component... 

The profiles of the rototranslational absorption of CH4-CH4 in the far infrared have been reported [56] see Fig. 3.22 for an example. The treatment of the spectra is based on the multipolar induction model and an advanced isotropic potential empirical overlap-induced dipole components have also been included for fitting the experimental data at several temperatures (126 through 300 K). At the lower temperatures, satisfactory fits of the measurements are possible. The analysis seems to suggest that at temperatures near room temperature a significant rotation-induced distortion of the tetrahedral frames occurs which affects the properties of the individual molecules (multipole strengths, molecular symmetry, polarizabilities, and perhaps the interaction). 

The position of this star in the HR-diagram is among the bulk of luminous association members, which are 1n the hydrogen burning phase. This result, together with the star s high rotational velocity, favours the scenario of rotationally induced mixing (Maeder, 1987) for the formation of this Wolf-Rayet star. 

ABSORPTION BAND. A range of wavelengths (or frequencies) in the electromagnetic spectrum within which radiant energy is absorbed by a substance. When the absorbing substance is a polyatomic gas, an absorption band actually is composed of a group of discrete absorption lines, which appear to overlap. Each line is associated with a particular mode of vibration or rotation induced in a gas molecule by the incident radiation. The absorption bands of oxygen and ozone are often referred to in the literature of atmospheric physics. 

Engber, T. M. et al. (1989). Continuous and intermittent levodopa differentially affect rotation induced by D-l and D-2 dopamine agonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168(3), 291-298. 

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