Contextual Characteristics

The development and commercialisation of FC technology is related to numerous contextual factors, like as for example policy issues and the development of a fuel infrastructure. 

The development of complementary standards and the availability of regulatory support are characteristics of the EC technology commercialisation context. 

The implications for FC developers are (i) the consideration of complementary technologies in competence development and (ii) the consideration of resource acquisition through regulatory support. 

FC industry is not self-supporting and considering the long-term process of implementation, return on investment will take time. FC firms are faced with a long payback period and depend on subsidized projects, new venture funding or OEMs for capital to invest in further R D. 

The low return on the required high investments pose challenges on the acquisition and allocation of resources. Niche maikets will enable short- and near-term sales. With the lack of observable demand, it is challenging to decide when to invest in which project or market application. FC firms depend on investors over a long period of time, in which the firms are required to show progress and initiate revenue generation. 

---

The proposed facility location model can be expanded to include additional criteria subject to data availability. While majority of existing facility locatimi models focus on optimizing facility location costs or travel time related measures, the proposed model attempts to locate facilities according to a wide range of contextual characteristics. 

Q. 1.1 A system can be described by listing its system components, the (1) overall or emergent properties, (2) elements that comprise it, (3) the way the elements are related to one another and to the background or context space, (4) the characteristics of the contextual space. A graphical organizer can be very useful to summarize these system components. 

In the following, the various interrelated steps followed during the MErKoFer project are described in more detail, based on the blocks visible in Fig. 7.8. Through increased data reduction, e.g., by the generation of characteristic values and their contextualization, more detailed knowledge is extracted from automatically recorded information. 

FIGURE 3.5 The use of gene fusions (Rosetta Stones) for contextual annotation of hypothetical proteins. The example shows that if an unknown protein and a thymidylate synthase (ThyA) are present in a number of organisms, it is very likely that the unknown protein is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), if its length, sequence, or other physicochemical characteristics are compatible with those expected in a DHFR. 

Structure variables are the contextual parameters that may impact team processes and outcomes. We identified the following three dimensions within which the different structure variables could be classified organizational characteristics, team characteristics, and task characteristics. 

When comparing indicators from different countries, there is concern that national characteristics can influence the data in ways that make it difficult to draw conclusions. For instance, Lamvik and Ravn (2006) discuss that there might be differences in safely performance between countries because of contextual factors such as elements of national culture. One example is differences related to continuity of traditions regarding contractual terms aud arrangements, workforce, crew... 

Investigating situational characteristics in the contextual human information processing model for warning citizens... 

How, when, and which data to collect are important questions for all further steps leading to contextual perception of the environment. Answers depend mainly on application goals and require a thorough analysis to be made. The analysis should reveal spatial and temporal dependencies and characteristics of processes, equipment, and objects. Information obtained by sensors is expected to change constantly. Figure 9.2 shows the environment for model development and testing. 

Characteristics of contextual learning. Drawing on its roots in constructivist learning theory, as well as theories of cognition and learning, contextual learning has the following characteristics ... 

The above paragraphs Illustrate that the field of user innovation, lead users, and user entrepreneurship has evolved from its origination and touched upon a variety of different themes like individual characteristics of lead users, contextual inhibitors, facilitators of user innovation, and differences and interplay of user and manufocturer innovation. Yet, to the best of my knowledge, the phenomenon in focus in this dissertation has not been taken into consideration by scholars. In the next chapter 1 will present a systematic analysis of the existing scholarly knowledge in this field to support my claim with quantitative data and structure the field with respect to its main diematic clusters. I will also offer an explanation why the phenomenon of embedded lead users has not caught scholarly attention yet. 

I follow this view and structure my research according to these influencing factors, aggregated to personal factors (antecedents, cognition, personality, knowledge, motivation), environment (contextual and social), and behavior (cf. Woodman et al. 1993). From this theoretic standpoint, the innovation-related behavior of embedded lead users is determined by individual characteristics and environmental factors. Figure 7 illustrates these analytical relationships. 

Inferences about the effect of contextual factors on cascading failures—this is important since being able to extrapolate from one context to another requires an understanding of how changing contexts are likely to affect the characteristics of cascading failures. 

In the statistical approach one would look at a rather large number of events to see whether it is possible to find statistically significant correlations between contextual factors and some cascading failure characteristics. 

Nielsen and Randall, 2013). Thanks to their focus on behavioural characteristics and contextual factors affecting the performance of the workers, these studies help to explain the complex process necessary for the correct implementation of OHS interventions. 

NOTE 2 Wear does not occur in software. Limitations in reliability are due to faults in requirements, design and implementation, or due to contextual changes. NOTE 3 Dependability characteristics include availability and its inherent or external influencing factors, such as availability, reliability (including fault tolerance and recoverability), security (including confidentiality and integrity), maintainability, durability, and maintenance support. 

In order to develop these principles, further empirical studies and a number of experiments have to be carried out. Some projects would be initially run in a controlled environment to obtain understanding of characteristics, impacts and limitations of different modalities. Subsequently, some projects will be selected and evaluated in the field in order to draw out the relationships between the already-understood modalities characteristics and those of ubiquitous computing. Results from field tests are expected to provide rich and contextual information to complement those from the controlled experiments. 

Most of the factors contributing to a behavioral discrepancy are owing to the context in which tire task is performed or characteristics of the task itself. Common contextual variables include... 

---