Constructive metabolism

Bauschung,/. swelling, etc. (see bauschen) protuberance bulge crease (in fabrics). Bau-stabl, m. structural steel, -stein, m. building stone brick (. ) unit, -stoff, m. building material, structural material (Physiol.) nutrient, -stoffwechsel, m. constructive metabolism, anabolism. 

Changes in constructive metabolism and ultrastructural organization of Bacillus cereus cells under the action of a specific autoregulatory factor. Microbiology, Vol.48, No.2, (February 1979), pp.240-244, ISSN 1350-0872... 

Anabolism includes all reactions that use energy in the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules, as in the production of proteins from amino acids. Anabolic reactions are also called constructive metabolism. 

The conversion of nutrients into living tissue constructive metabolism. 

Biosyntheses of DNA, RNA and proteins in mitochondria can be another example of constructive metabolic function of these organelles. It certainly requires ATP and therefore is alternative to energy supply for extramitochondrial ATP-consuming processes [5]. 

It appears from the previous discussion that melanogenesis in vivo or in vitro is regulated by various factors. Hence, to study the dynamics of melanin formation (monooxygenase reaction, i.e. constructive metabolism) and breakdown (dioxygenase reaction, i.e. catabolism of melanin precursors), a non-enzymatic melanin synthesis from tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively, was devised by Roy et al. (227), using a prototype of a monooxygenase reaction, i.e. the Udenfriend reaction (Fe+ /EDTA/ ascorbic acid) (272). 

Iordan EP, Novozhilova TY and Vorobjeva LI (1983) Correlation between the DNA synthesis and vitamin Bn content m Propionibacterium shermanii. Mikrobiologiya 52 591-596 Iordan EP, Novozhilova TY and Vorobjeva LI (1984) Effects of cellular vitamin Bn production on growth and some aspects of the constructive metabolism of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 20 765-772 Iordan EP, Petukhova NI and Vorobjeva LI (1986) Regulatory action of vitamin Bn on ribonucleotide reductase system of propionic acid bacteria. Mikrobiologiya 55 533-538 Israel L (1975) Report on 414 cases of human tumors treated with corynebacteria. In Halpem B (ed) Corynebacterium parvum. Applications in Experimental and Clinical Oncology, pp 389-401. Plenum Press, New York... 

A process involving the conversion of simple substances into more complex substances of living cells (constructive metabolism). 

Caracemide (3) is an antitumor agent. This simple molecule is constructed by reacting acetohydroxamic acid (1) with methylisocyanate (2) promoted by triethylamine. The resulting 0,N-biscarbamate (3), caracemide, is metabolized readily either by deacetylation or by decarba-moylation and its antitumor properties are believed to re.sult from the reactivity of the resulting metabolites with DNA [1]. 

The total number of calories a person needs each day is the sum of the basal requirement plus the energy used for physical activities, as shown in Table 29.1. A relatively inactive person needs about 30% above basal requirements per day, a lightly active person needs about 50% above basal, and a very active person such as an athlete or construction worker may need 100% above basal requirements. Some endurance athletes in ultradistance events can use as many as 10,000 keal/day above the basal level. Each day that your caloric intake is above what you use, fat is stored in your body and your weight rises. Each day that your caloric intake is below whatyou use, fat in your body is metabolized and your weight drops. 

Models for batch culture can be constructed by assuming mechanisms for each phase of the cycle. These mechanisms must be reasonably comph-cated to account for a lag phase and for a prolonged stationary phase. Unstructured models treat the cells as a chemical entity that reacts with its environment. Structured models include some representation of the internal cell chemistry. Metabolic models focus on the energy-producing mechanisms within the cells. 

This paper explores how models may be developed to account for the relationship between the stable isotope composition of a body tissue of an organism and its diet. The main approach taken is to express this relationship as an explicit equation, or a DIFF , and then to show how the values of such a DIFF can be evaluated from published experimental data. These values can be expected to have a much wider meaning than a simple encapsulation of a particular experimental design. As a main example, we show how the values may be used to constract a metabolic model in which the synthesis of non-essential amino acid for collagen construction can be treated. A second example is to show how the evaluation, in terms of diet, of the spacing between collagen and carbonate 6 C may be put on a rigorous basis. 

Steinbuchel, A. and Lutke-Eversloh, T. 2003. Metabolic engineering and pathway construction for biotechnological production of relevant polyhydroxyalkanoates in microorganisms. Biochemical Engineering Journal 16 81-96. 

Kristensen E. In vitro and in vivo studies on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of PNA constructs in rodents. In Peptide Nucleic Acids Methods and Protocols, Nielsen P. E. (Ed.). 2002, Humana Press (To-towa, N.J., United States) Copenhagen, pp. 259-269. 

Algal blooms in fresh water ponds occasionally poison livestock and waterfowl. Axenic cultures of Anabaena flos-aquae NRC 44-1 were shown to produce the toxic principle (5) which can be present in the algae and in the water of mature cultures (6). The discovery of the toxin was fortuitous in the sense that AChR agonists do not have a (known) constructive function in the algae evolution of the synthetic pathway was likely a by-product of metabolic pathways in the algae. The compound became evident only through its toxic effects on other organisms. 

The metabolism of C-labeled BTX has been examined in soil cultures, and a mass balance constructed after 4 weeks of aerobic incubation (Tsao et al. 1998). Mineralization of all substrates was ca. 70% but ca. 20% of the label in toluene and ca. 30% in o-xylene were found in humus. It was suggested that alkylated catechol metabolites were responsible for this association. 

Eaton RW, PJ Chapman (1992) Bacterial metabolism of naphthalene construction and use of recombinant bacteria to study ring cleavage of 1,2-dihydroxy naphthalene and subsequent reactions. J Bacteriol 174 7542-7554. 

C]-anthracene was used to study its degradation in soil, and the formation of labeled metabolites that could be released only after alkaline hydrolysis (Richnow et al. 1998). It was possible to construct a carbon balance during the 599-d incubation, and to distinguish metabolically formed phthalate from indigenous phthalate in the soil. 

Kauffman, S. (1969) Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets. /. Theoret. Biol., 22 437-467, Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Kaup, B., Bringer-Meyer, S. and Sahm, H. (2004) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coir, construction of an efficient biocatalyst for D-mannitol formation in a whole-cell biotransformation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64 (3), 333-339. 

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