Algae evolution

Algal blooms in fresh water ponds occasionally poison livestock and waterfowl. Axenic cultures of Anabaena flos-aquae NRC 44-1 were shown to produce the toxic principle (5) which can be present in the algae and in the water of mature cultures (6). The discovery of the toxin was fortuitous in the sense that AChR agonists do not have a (known) constructive function in the algae evolution of the synthetic pathway was likely a by-product of metabolic pathways in the algae. The compound became evident only through its toxic effects on other organisms. 

Goff, L. J. H. Ashen, J. and Moon, D. (1997), The evolution of parasites from their hosts a case study in the parasitic red algae , Evolution, 5, 1068-1078. 

Colorless, reactive gas. Oxygen was not present in the initial atmosphere of the Earth, although at 50 % it is the most common element in the crust of the Earth (oxides, silicates, carbonates, etc.). The compound with hydrogen is remarkable. The hydrides of all other elements are unpleasant compounds, but H20 is the molecule of life. The 02 found in the air today, of which it makes up 20 %, was formed in the process of evolution by photosynthesis of algae, which then also allowed life on solid land. Oxidation with oxygen became and is still the dominant pathway of life forms for obtaining energy (respiration). Used in medicine in critical situations. Oxidations play a key role in chemistry (sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, ethylene oxide, etc.). The ozone layer in space protects the Earth from cosmic UV radiation. Ozone (03) is used in the... 

Anaerobic adaptation, [Fe]-hydrogenase, hydrogen evolution, green algae, promoter... 

Clayton MN (1988) Evolution and life histories of brown algae. Bot Mar 31 379-387 Connell JH (1961) The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus. Ecology 42 710-723 Cronin G, Hay ME (1996) Chemical defenses, protein content, and susceptibility to herbivory of diploid vs. haploid stages of the isomorphic brown alga Dictyota ciliolata (Phaeophyta). Bot Mar 39 395-399... 

Honkanen T, Jormalainen V, Hemmi A, Makinen A, Heikkila N (2002) Feeding and growth of the isopod Idotea baltica on the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. roles of inter-population and within-plant variation in plant quality. Ecoscience 9 332-338 Eloyer K, Karsten U, Wiencke C (2002) Induction of sunscreen compounds in Antarctic macroalgae by different radiation conditions. Mar Biol 141 619-627 Ilvessalo H, Tuomi J (1989) Nutrient availability and accumulation of phenolic compounds in the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus. Mar Biol 101 115-119 Jones CG, Firn RD (1991) On the evolution of plant chemical diversity. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B, Biol Sci 333 273-280... 

Melis, A., Zhang, L., Forestier, M., Ghirardi, M. L. and Seibert, M. (2000) Sustained photo-biological hydrogen gas production upon reversible inactivation of oxygen evolution in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol., 122, 127-36. 

It has been evidenced that auxin and ACC stimulate ethylene production in some lower plants, for example, in the moss Funaria hygrometrica and in the ferns Pteridium aquilinum and Matteuccia struthiopteris Moreover, ethylene synthesis via the ACC-dependent pathway and in the presence of endogenous ACC and its conjugate in marine unicellular Acetabularia algae was reported. Probably during the evolution of land plants, a relatively primitive pathway of ethylene production was replaced by the ACC-dependent synthesis pathway that now predominates. 

---