Construction site installations standards

Tests on geomembranes serve various objectives. First performance properties must be determined, then whether the quality standards were adhered to while manufacturing the geomembrane from the selected material and installing it on the construction site must be checked. Part of this test is the identifieation of the materials, i.e. to decide whether or not the agreed upon resins and batches were used. For geotechnical applications, it is not only the performance properties, but the long-term behaviour, whieh is of particular importance. 

OSHA s standard at 1910.303(b)(2), Installation and Use, requires that Listed or labeled equipment shall be Installed and used in accordance with any instructions included In the listing or labeling. Manufacturers and nationally recognized testing laboratories determine the proper uses for power strips. For example, the UL Directory contains instructions that require UL-listed RPTs to be directly connected to a permanently Installed branch circuit receptacle they are not to be series-connected to other RPTs or connected to extension cords. UL also specifies that RPTs are not intended for use at construction sites and similar locations. 

The Construction (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1996 were made on 14 June 1990 and came into force on 2 September 1996 to implement part of Directive 92157/EC and should be read in conjunction with the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations. There are no specific electrical requirements, but Regulation 17 states that plant and equipment has to be safe and maintained in a safe condition. This would include the electrical installation. Standards for electrical installations on construction sites are explained in Chapter 11. 

BS 4363 Distribution units for electricity supplies for construction and building sites, was issued in 1968, and was amended in 1992 for compatibility with BS EN 60439-4 1994. This standard specifies the equipment. In 1969 BS CP 1017 appeared. This was the code of practice which describes how the BS 4363 apparatus was to be installed and used. This code was subsequently amended and renumbered as BS 7375 1996. See also HSE guidance booklet HS(G)141 - Electric Safety on Construction Sites. 

Control for highway construction has recently been installed for the widening of the Ml motorway North of London, from the M25 intersection to Junction 10, near Luton Airport, a distance of some 14 Km (Uniscott, 1991 [2]). Four receivers were deployed simultaneously to establish precise coordinates for 16 control stations. The network incorporated two high order Ordnance Survey control stations, one at Dunstable Down and the other on the roof of the tower of St Albans Cathedral. The deployment of GPS was justified on a cost basis, with estimated savings of some 60% over conventional means. The accuracy obtained also exceeded those which would have been achieved by conventional methods, by at least one order of magnitude. Over a site (which included the Ordnance Survey stations) of 12 Km by 20 Km, relative positional standard errors of 5 mm were typical. The observations were completed in only four days, with very little reconnaissance being required. 

In addition, the skid-mounted serial installations concept (sometimes called modular) was practically applied. The installations are constructed on a platform or barge at the builder s site and transported in nearly com--pleted form to the operating site. This avoids the problem of a small-scale plant being constructed in a remote place without the necessary industrial infrastructure. Standardized plants using skid-mounting will have a positive impact on ... 

Subpart K deals with the means of providing electrical power, both permanent and temporary, to a jobsite. Subpart K also states that the electrical standards do not apply to existing permanent installations that were on the site before construction began. There are four major divisions of this subpart including installation safety requirements, safety-related work practices, maintenance and environmental considerations, and requirements for speciai equipment. 

During the Vietnam war, a machine was designed to transport water, gas, and jet fuels to the front. Rolled steel or aluminum tanks were bulky, awkward, and required seam welding, a skilled operation. A pultrusion machine was installed in a standard 12-m highway trailer, and a composite tank constructed on-site (28). 

G-6.1 Standard for Low Pressure Carbon Dioxide Systems at Consumer Sites. Concerns minimum requirements and practices for design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of low pressure carbon dioxide supply systems at consumer sites (29 pages). 

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