Construction industry techniques

The first problems on the list are not specific to radon control but are encountered on nearly every construction job. In spite of quality control and communication problems and the understandable wariness builders show when asked to build something in a different way, the residential construction industry has responded to new techniques, materials, and public demands. The average house being built today is very different from a home built 20 years ago. If a product or a method can be demonstrated to reliably keep radon out without presenting significant problems with cost, scheduling, or installation, many builders would learn to use it. The major difficulty faced by mechanical barrier approaches is the thoroughness that seems to be required to ensure that no radon problem will occur. 

CII. 1993. Source Document 86, Zero Accident Techniques. Prepared for CII by Roger W. Liska, David Goodlowe, and Rana Sen. Austin, Tex. Construction Industry Institute. 

The costs associated with S/S technologies have generally been considered low compared with those for other treatment techniques. The reasons for this are the availability of rather cheap raw products (e.g., fly ash, cements, lime), simple processing requirements, and the use of readily available equipment from the concrete and related construction industries (D150141, p. 7.99). 

Since the 1950s, the automotive industry in Japan has prodigiously been developed, and the amount of used vehicle tires has outstandingly been increased. The disposal of the used vehicle tires became a big social problem in the 1970s, and various techniques have been developed for the disposal and recycling of the vehicle tires till now. One of such techniques is the application of the powdered rubber made of the used vehicle tires to the construction industry. 

Electrochemical corrosion techniques are essential to predict service life in chemical and construction industries. The following direct current (dc) electrochemical methods are used in corrosion engineering practice linear polarization technique, Tafel extrapolation, and open circuit potential vs. time measurements. The alternating current (ac) technique is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This technique uses alternating current to measure frequency-dependent processes in corrosion and estimates the change of polarization resistance as a function of time. 

Liska, R. W., Goodloe, D., Sen, R. (1993). Zero accident techniques. Construction Industry Institute, Source Document No. 86, The Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex. 

Amorphous copolymers of ethylene and propylene, EPM, also possess rubber-elastic properties. But they cannot be vulcanized with sulfur because of the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds, and so a special technique using peroxides as free radical sources for transfer reactions has had to be developed. However, polymerizing in a diene component such as, for example, cyclopentadiene or ethylidene norbornene, leads to the formation of what are known as EPDM rubbers with double bonds in the side chains. These can, on the one hand, be vulcanized in the classic way with sulfur, but, on the other hand, still have good aging properties. Consequently, EPDM rubbers are mainly used in automobile construction, the cable and construction industries, as well as for technical purposes. However, the EPDM rubbers have only slight self-adhesion, so that producing tires from cut sections is made more difficult. It is for this reason that EPDM rubbers are not used for tires. 

It is necessary to consider safety at design and planning stage of construction industry (business) and select construction, technique, determine construction schedule. Therefore, supervisor, designer as well as the Employer should participate ensuring field safety. And then they should take responsibility and function for reestabUshing oiderer s function, as well. 

For the pour-in place and foam technique, there is a group of characteristic rigid PU foam applications available, however, their largest consumption area is in the insulation of refrigerators and freezers, but not that much in the construction industry. Standard two-component formulations with special adaptations, or one-component systems that cure by reaction with the moisture existing in the atmosphere, are available. The method produces highly effective thermal and noise insulation as well as physical reinforcement, although the foams produced are less uniform than those produced in-plant. 

Many of the causes of these accidents are reflected in the detailed requirements of the relevant Regulations which lay down the preventative measures to be taken. This chapter looks at the safety legislation for the construction industry and some of the techniques for meeting the required safety standards. 

Although there is a trend in the construction industry towards specialised plant to meet a particular need, the most common material at present employed to provide access scaffolding is scaffold tube and couplers. Large-scale or difficult projects are best carried out by experts but there is a very large amount of scaffold erection of the smaller type in short-term use which can be quickly and safely erected by craftsmen who are to work on them, provided they have been trained in the basic techniques and requirements of these Regulations and the British Standard Code of Practice . 

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