Conservative analysis

Benyamini, H., Gunasekaran, K., Wolfson, H., and Nussinov, R. (2003). Beta2-micro-globulin amyloidosis Insights from conservation analysis and fibril modelling by protein docking techniques./. Mol. Biol. 330, 159-174. 

Data by McCaffrey (1995) show that the radiative fraction decreases for jet flames. Based on laboratory-scale tests, as the jet velocity increases the radiative fraction decreases. Although the aerodynamics of the flow have a significant effect on the radiation from the flame, the experimental data show that a radiative fraction of 0.4 represents a conservative maximum value for most fuels and conditions. If a more detailed or less conservative analysis is desired, Beyler (2002) presents experimental data for radiative fractions for the conditions discussed above. 

The fixed effects model considers the studies that have been combined as the totality of all the studies conducted. An alternative approach considers the collection of studies included in the meta-analysis as a random selection of the studies that have been conducted or a random selection of those that could have been conducted. This results in a slightly changed methodology, termed the random effects model The mathematics for the two models is a little different and the reader is referred to Fleiss (1993), for example, for further details. The net effect, however, of using a random effects model is to produce a slightly more conservative analysis with wider confidence intervals. 

Given the assumption that an acceptable stochastic risk from disposal in a hazardous waste facility is about 10 3 (see Table 7.1), the stochastic risk index due to the presence of radionuclides in the electric arc furnace waste is (2.5 X 10 5)/10 3 = 0.025. Since this result is much less than unity, the waste clearly would be classified as low-hazard due only to the presence of 137Cs, and there is no need to perform a less conservative analysis. 

Copasi (http //www.copasi.org) offers stochastic and deterministic time course simulation (the latter with LSODA, a stiff solver), steady state analysis (including stability), metabolic control analysis, elementary mode analysis, mass conservation analysis, parameter scans, and sliders for interactive parameter changes. It is platform-independent and offers a user-friendly GUI. 

Sauro, H. M. Ingalls, B. Conservation analysis in biochemical networks computational issues for software writers. Biophys Chem 2004,109 1-15. 

Glasgow, H.B., and Burkholder, J.M., Mallin, M.A., Deamer-Melia, N.J., and Reed, R.E. (2001) Field ecology of toxic Pfiesteria complex species, and conservative analysis of their role in estuarine fish kills. Environ. Health Perspec. 109, 715-730. 

Julenius K, Molgaard A, Gupta R, Brunak S. Prediction, conservation analysis, structural characterization of mammalian 21. 

Savas, S., D. Y. Kim, M. F. Ahmad, M. Shariff, and H. Ozcelik. 2004. Identifying functional genetic variants in DNA repair pathway using protein conservation analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13 801-7. 

Russell RB, Breed J, Barton GJ (1992) Conservation analysis and structure prediction of the SH2 family of phosphotyrosine binding domains. FEBS Lett 304 15-20... 

Despite substantial efforts, conservationists have been unable to develop reliable, usable, nondestructive test procedures. Much of the evaluation procedure relies on the judgment of the conservator, with assistance from consultants. Because conservation analysis often requires knowledge of an extensive range of materials, conditions, and physical laws, an optimum approach often includes a team effort. A polymer chemist, mechanical engineer, wood pathologist, supervising conservator, and technicians should all be considered for complex projects. 

Analysis. The approach was to evaluate the condition and properties to establish a method of conservation. Analysis of the object included... 

A relationship among TR, DR, and BUR for stable bubble operation can be obtained from a mass conservation analysis as ... 

In order to predict the drop sizes after breakup, an equation based on energy conservation analysis is derived. The analysis equals the energy of the parent drop before breakup with the energies of the subsequent product drops after breakup and it yields ... 

The analyses for LPS should be performed for two purposes. In a traditional conservative analysis the aim is to show that the results fulfill the acceptance criteria of the analysis with minimum safety systems available and with conservative assumptions of operator actions. The other set of analyses are best estimate analyses where the effect of various assumptions on the results is studied. The latter is especially useful for drawing up EOPs and for PSA puiposes. In this way the interrelation with PSA studies can also be taken into account. 

This Safety Report is intended for use in the performance of safety analyses of nuclear power plants both under construction and in operation. While focusing on the performance of the reactor and its systems, including the accident localization system (ALS), during transients and accidents, this Safety Report takes account of best estimate analysis and conservative analysis. The application of best estimate codes that use well grounded acceptance criteria and conservative input data provides a more reasonable assessment of the safety margins in various situations. Adequate conservatism in input data is normally achieved by setting the parameter values at the worst boundary of the range of deviations allowed by the technical specifications of the nuclear power plant [7]. 

The aim of the design basis analysis should be to provide a robust demonstration of the fault tolerance of the engineering design and the effectiveness of the safety systems. This is done by carrying out a conservative analysis which should take account of the uncertainties in the modelling. 

The advantage of the approach was that the answer was known to be pessimistic and in some cases the safety analysis could be simplified by using bounding rather than realistic assumptions (as long as the results were still acceptable). There are a number of disadvantages to the conservative analysis, namely... 

Although the PRACS can remove the decay heat under a natural convection mode, it was assumed to be out of work and only the RVACS was available — this conservative analysis was performed to evaluate the heat removal capability of the RVACS. The movable reflector was assumed to be moved down in this event. 

Since it is generally very difficult, expensive and time consuming to determine and to demonstrate, on a quantitative basis, the safety and stability of a dam (structural, hydrological or otherwise), it may be more efficient to make a simple conservative analysis on the assumption of the collapse of the dam if this conservative analysis shows no significant effects at the site, further more detailed analyses are unnecessary. 

Although the analysis demonstrates that no fuel rods are damaged, and that there is therefore no release to the reactor coolant, a conservative analysis has been performed assuming 10 percent of the rods are damaged. Activity carried over to the secondary side because of primary-to-secondary leakage is available for release to the enviromnent viathe steam line safety valves or the power-operated relief valves. The significant radionuclide releases due to the locked rotor accident are the iodines, alkali metals and noble gases. 

Vallabhajosyula, R.R., Chickarmane, V., Sauro, H.M. Conservation analysis of large bioehcanieal networks. Bioinformatics 22, 346-353 (2006)... 

Once evacuated, no one was allowed to return to the affected areas for several years. Starting in 2013, some residents were allowed to visit their homes for short periods. The first batch of residents were allowed to permanently return home on April 1, 2014—3 years after the disaster. At present, there are nearly a dozen cities within the evacuation zone that are categorized as ready to return. The criteria for becoming ready to return is based on a conservative analysis of radiation dose rates and the expected duration that people will remain outdoors. The limit is... 

In some States the acceptable minimum capacity of the immediately available sources of water, including water stored on-site in tanks or reservoirs, absorbs all heat loads generated in 30 days, unless a shorter time period can be justified by conservative analysis. 

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