Consensus metrics

Metrics should be comparable with other similar metrics. Comparability may be over time, across a company, or across an industry on a global basis. Consensus metrics within a company allow for comparison across facilities and operations. Consensus metrics at the industry level—such as... 

As discussed earlier in the book, common metrics are necessary for companies to compare their performance with other companies and overall industry performance. Consensus process safety metrics are only beginning to be adopted within the processing industries. Consensus process safety metrics are being developed, such as those recommended in the CCPS publication Process Safety Leading and Lagging Metrics. Pressure from within the industries and from outside stakeholders will encourage the broader acceptance of current consensus metrics as well as the development of more such metrics. Such metrics will be used not only by companies and industries, but especially by outside parties to evaluate industry-wide performance or the performance of individual companies against the industry as a whole. 

There is consensus that fossil fuel based emissions have more than exponentially increased in the last century. Whereas in 1925 the accumulated global C02 emissions from fossil sources were 1000 million metric tons of C02, in the year 2000 this was over 6000 in the same units [1]. Large emission rates that will affect the climate still continue. 

Another widely used metric is the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory. This is based on the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Theory, which considers that, before people can feel comfortable when tackling a problem they will differ amongst them on what structure they require and whether there is a need for a consensus on that structure. Another important factor is how important is the outcome of the problem solving, what is the reward or alternatively the punishment to be felt by the people concerned. This is called the cognitive style [C-50],... 

To encourage the adoption of a set of consensus process safety metrics comparable to occupational safety metrics. 

The ultimate goal of the process safety system is to prevent process safety incidents. The Center for Chemical Process Safety s Process Safety Leading and Lagging Metrics Report (CCPS, 2007b) defines a consensus from several chemical and allied processing industries for definitions of process safety incidents and process safety near misses. If an organization adopts these definitions, a... 

Criteria for Selecting Sustainability Metrics. Consensus on the criteria for effective sustainability metrics has also emerged from the above efforts (Beloff and Beaver, 2000 Schwarz et al., 2000, 2002 Bakshi and Fiksel, 2003 Sikdar, 2003). It is now generally accepted that sustainability metrics should satisfy the following (Beloff and Beaver, 2000) ... 

In instance based learning the training data is used directly and predictions are done by taking some consensus value of the nearest training set points. Sometimes called model independent methods, or naive models, they are conceptually simple and explicit examples of the well known similarity principle, which is the hypothesis that chemically similar compounds have similar properties. The diversity of methods available derives from the different choices to be made regarding how chemical space is defined and which distance metric is used. 

From a health and policy perspective, a mass metric does not adequately describe exposure to UFP. The number or surface area of particles per unit volume may be a better metric. However, at this time, only limited exposure data based on number concentration exists and no number concentration based ambient standards have been established. Further, there is no consensus yet as to whether size, chemical composition, or some combination thereof provides the best measure of UFP toxicity. 

G Weighted value of the performance metric The values along this row are the weighted value or relative importance of each of the metrics. These values are obtained via a team process and a consensus on the relative importance of each metric that is selected for the MEI. AH of the weighted values sum to 100. 

To our knowledge, there is no consensus on the most appropriate metric for binary or time-to-event endpoints, and, therefore, this is a factor that must be carefully considered by an investigator designing a non-inferiority trial with such endpoints. 

It should therefore be kept in mind that even if there is consensus on the valuation of risk expressed in a certain metric, such as Value-at-Risk (VaR), Fatal Accident Risk (FAR) and Potential Loss of Lives (PLL), the judgements about risk acceptance or tolerability could still be controversial. 

The committee used the decision tree (Figure 3.1) to determine whether individual capabilities should be maintained by the program and where. Many of the metrics used to address each decision node on the tree are subjective and the committee s consensus view is described in this chapter. If the CBDP does not agree with an individual assessment of an S T capability, they are encouraged to undertake a de novo analysis of that capability, using the decision tree above, to reach their own conclusion. 

Almost any decision-making activity involves multiple decision makers (stakeholders). For instance, in the design of a process system, stakeholders must trade off myriad economic, environmental, and safety metrics (objectives) [1]. The stakeholders likely will disagree on which metrics should be used and on how they should be prioritized. If disagreements are not systematically managed, they can leave a subset of stakeholders strongly dissatisfied, a situation that can ultimately delay consensus reaching and lead to arbitrary decisions. 

Using Voluntary and National Consensus Standards in a Safety Metrics Program... 

National consensus standards can be used to formulate performance levels and safety metrics. Because the standards are already developed, and most cases viewed as an industry-accepted level of performance, the safety manager may choose to adopt the standards—thus eliminating the need to create new performance measures. Because the national consensus standards have been adopted as acceptable performance within an industry, the additional burden of having to validate acceptability has also been addressed through the standards development process. 

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