Connection failures

Corrugated steel or aluminum Connection failure followed by buckling 0.07-0.14 1-2... 

Corrugated steel or aluminum paneling. Connection failure, followed by buckling. 1.0-2.0... 

Scenario 2—Small connection failure on piping or vessels in compres-sor/purification area... 

The failure mechanisms of interest in reinforced masonry wall elements include flexural, transverse shear, in-plane shear and in some cases, combined axial compression and flexure. Buckling failure modes of compression elements and connection failures are to be avoided. 

Considerable effort has been directed to determining the causes of connection failures and to learning how to minimize the likelihood of occurrence. Acceptable failure rates range from <1 in 109 operating hours for contacts in air-frame (31) electrical systems and in some telecommunications equipment, to 100—1000 in 109 operating hours in instruments, to even larger rates for contacts in many consumer products. A failure is defined as exceedance of contact resistance, which can be as litde as twice the initial contact resistance, that causes circuit malfunction. The required lifetimes of connectors may be >20 yr, although most required application times are shorter (see Materials reliability). 

Maximization of the load-bearing behaviour of these tubes can be achieved by external reinforcement, consisting of composites (see Fig. 10.5). In the experiments a woven fabric of fibreglass, as well as of carbon fibre, was used, which was laminated with epoxy resin. Static load tests have proved that the new material has significant better characteristics than normal wood, especially if the weight is taken into consideration. Within the areas of connections failures could be observed, which can be avoided by partial fortification of the reinforcement [30,31]. 

Expenses for critical infrastmcture are not only costs for its design and building but they also include costs for its operation, maintenance, repair and modernisation. Therefore, the risks connected with each infrastmcture must also include the risks from just given domains and the region management must know how to deal with them. It is necessary to asses the risks from disasters that can be denoted as financial market failure because with them it is connected failure of finances for maintenance, operation, repair and modernisation of objects of critical infrastrucmre. It is caused by the fact that critical infrastrucmre criticality increases if not good maintenance and good repair are performed (which cause the vulnerability increases). 

Overcharge Defective connections, failure of charging circuit Yes, battery management system Yes, cell-level safety devices... 

Safety chains or other suitable locking devices must be used at couplings of high-pressure hose lines where a connection failure would create a hazard. Before... 

Struck by Falling/moving pipe tongs and/or spinning chain, Kelly, rotary table, etc. high-pressure hose connection failure causing employees to be struck by whipping hose tools or debris dropped from elevated location in rig vehicles... 

TB-9 Guidelines for the Proper Handling and Use of the CGA 630/710 Series Ultra High Integrity Service Connections. Guidelines for the proper functioning and the maximum service life of the 630/710 series of connections. Failure to follow... 

System operationality should be such as to take into account possible system and network (Internet) crashes. The user should be given a warning if the system is not working because of an item that is vital for function execution being blocked (internal resources). Additionally, the user will he warned obtrusively if the system is unable to access the network in the course of table booking due to a network crash, as the user should not be allowed to continue with the reservation if a connectivity failure (external resources) prevents the customer s request from being satisfied. 

Experimental efforts to understand the mechanics in single-particle electrodes are twofold. One group of studies has attempted to find evidence to connect failure mechanisms and mechanics. Mechanical failure of battery materials (i.e., particle fracture) has been considered to be one of the major failure mechanisms of Li-ion batteries, causing loss of electrical contact through separated electrodes. 

The loading protocol for the two specimens consists of cyclic vertical displacements of increasing amplitude imposed in a quasi-static fashion with a speed approximately equal to 21 mm/min. The AISC (2005) loading protocol was used. This protocol consists of three initial sets of six cycles at 6.75, 9, and 13.5 mm displacements, four subsequent cycles at 18 mm, and six sets of two cycles at 27,36, and 54 mm. These displacements correspond to drifts equal to 0.00375, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, and 0.03. The specimens were further imposed to drifts equal to 0.06 and, then, up to 0.09-0.10 to identify the connection failure mode. 

Anodes - Impressed Current Materials from scrap steel to platinum clad titanium can be employed as anode materials. Since chlorine can be liberated, care must be exercised that gas blockage is avoided. Any accumulation of chlorine will lead to anode-to-cable connection failures. In moving seawater or coral mud, anodes may require support structures. Anode sleds have been used successfully for dock structure and ground beds in the sea floor. This latter application is applied to the protection of pipelines in the seabed. 

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