Compression elements

The failure mechanisms of interest in reinforced masonry wall elements include flexural, transverse shear, in-plane shear and in some cases, combined axial compression and flexure. Buckling failure modes of compression elements and connection failures are to be avoided. 

FIGURE 2.6 Relationship between relative deformation of RubCon and compressive stress. (Reprinted from Yu. Potapov, O. Figovsky, Yu. Borisov, S. Pinaev, and D. Beilin, Stress-Strain State of Compressed Elements from Polymer Concrete, J. Scientific Israel Technological Advantages 4, nos. 3-4 (2002) 20-24. With permission.)... 

Experimental research on the eccentrically compressed elements capacity was carried out on samples measuring 100 x 100 x 500 mm, reinforced by longitudinal rods of 08 mm and stirrups of 05 mm. 

The analysis of Formula (2.25) shows that the increase in initial eccentricity of loading drastically reduces the loading capacity of an eccentrically compressed element of RubCon on the equation of power function. It is possible to note the weak dependence of the loading capacity on the reinforcing percent. 

A design model for eccentric compressed elements from RubCon (Figure 2.18) was based on the following ... 

Supposing that loss of load capacity of an eccentrically compressed element is determined by the maximal bending moment, we shall add a third equation, describing the condition of a maximum ... 

In soUd system conditions, the pressure resisting structures of the primary system are in effect exposed to undue overstressing as a compressible element in the fluid part of the system is lacking one can think of an effect of local overheating and consequent thermal expansion of the fluid, or of the start up of a high head pump connected with the primary system, etc. 

Perforated or slotted restrictor elements Compression elements Shearing elements Mixing turbines... 

Tensile loads normal to the plane of a joint can be highly destructive and should be avoided if possible. Indeed, a joint ought to be designed to carry a compressive element within its load pattern (see Figure 2.3, Section 2.3.3 and, in particular. Section 2.3.3.7). 

The influence of fibres on the stress and strain characteristics of compressed elements was examined by several authors and main common conclusions were proposed. Certain particularities observed may be attributed to different kinds of fibres, mix proportions and testing techniques applied. 

The main purpose is to identify the extent to which its resistance is modified by the propensity of its compression elements for local buckling which depends on width-to-thickness b/t ratio of the steel elements and upon the patterns of stresses and levels of strains imposed on them. 

When the structure is subjected to seismic action, there is a cyclic (inwards/outwards) movement of the vertical supporting elements. Therefore, in addition to the ties, elements functioning in compression (struts) should also be provided. In old structures, quite frequently, timber elements were used, able to play the double role of strut and tie (due to their sufficient resistance in buckling). This solution can be applied in modem interventions as well. Alternatively, the solution shown in Fig. 32 (adopted for interventions to Dafni Monastery, Miltiadou et al. 2012) can be chosen A timber compression element is provided. A hole is drilled at the core of the... 

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