Conjunctive names

As exceptions, Greek capital delta (A), followed by superscript locant(s), is used to denote a double bond in a compound named according to Rule B-l.2 if its name is preceded by locants for hetero atoms and also to denote a double bond uniting components in an assembly of rings (cf. Examples to Rules A-52.1 and C-71.1) or in conjunctive names (cf. Rule C-55.1). 

Conjunctive name a combination of two names, one of which represents a cyclic structure and the other an acyclic chain, with one hydrogen atom removed from each e.g.. benzenemethanol. 

Whenever the CRU (or a portion thereof) exhibited a center of symmetiy, naming began with the central suhunit using Chemical Abstracts/IUPAC names for the eonstituent bivalent radicals (see under examples). Conjunctive names were used as needed in eonstrueting names. For symmetrical imits, this process of naming could be continued indefinitely. 

For linear aldehydes bearing cyclic substituent groups, Chem. Abstr. again employs exclusively conjunctive names. 

If all amino groups are found in the side chains of a cyclic system, substitutive or conjunctive names are utilized. 

When side chains of two or more different kinds are attached to a cyclic component, only the senior side chain is named by the conjunctive method. The remaining side chains are named as prefixes. Likewise, when there is a choice of cyclic component, the senior is chosen. Benzene derivatives may be named by the conjunctive method only when two or more identical side chains are present. Trivial names for oxo carboxylic acids may be used for the acyclic component. If the cyclic and acyclic components are joined by a double bond, the locants of this bond are placed as superscripts to a Greek capital delta that is inserted between the two names. The locant for the cyclic component precedes that for the acyclic component, e.g., indene-A - -acetic acid. 

When the aldehyde group is directly attached to a carbon atom of a ring system, the suffix -carbaldehyde is added to the name of the ring system, e.g., 2-naphthalenecarbaldehyde. When the aldehyde group is separated from the ring by a chain of carbon atoms, the compound is named (1) as a derivative of the acyclic system or (2) by conjunctive nomenclature, for example, (1) (2-naphthyl)propionaldehyde or (2) 2-naphthalenepropionaldehyde. 

Peroxo- Group. When used in conjunction with the trivial names of acids, the prefix peroxo- indicates substitution of —O— by —O—O—. 

The Hysomer process produces an increase of about 12 octane numbers in suitable naphtha feedstocks. The process can be operated in conjunction with the Isosiv process (Union Carbide Corp.) for the separation of normal and isoparaffins, achieving complete isomerization of a C-5—C-6 stream. The combined process is trade named TIP (total isomerization process), and results in increases in octane numbers of about 20, rather than the 12 obtained with a once-through Hysomet treatment. 

The alloy name in the United States can include a company name or trademark in conjunction with the composition for alloyed titanium or the strength, ie, ultimate tensile strength for Timet and yield strength for other U.S. producers, for unalloyed titanium. The common alloys and specifications are shown in Table 14. 

Chemical Abstracts), and a-carboline is sold commercially under the name 1-azacarbazole. The trivial norharman nomenclature, in conjunction with numbering as in 1 or as in 6, is still to be found in recent papers. Other systems of numbering, as well as some incorrect systems of nomenclature, are to be found and add to the confusion. 

Overfire air (OFA) is often used in conjunction with LNBs. As the name implies, OFA is injected into the furnace above the normal combustion zone. It is added to ensure complete combustion when the burners are operated at an air-to-fuel ratio that is lower than normal. 

As the name implies, these organisms grow in pairs, otherwise they are similar to streptococci and are now referred to as streptococci. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causal agent of acute lobar pneumonia and also of meningitis, peritonitis and conjunctivitis. This organism can also initiate an invasive infection. 

Haemophilus influenzae owes its specific name to the fact that it was thought to be the causal organism of influenza (now known to be a virus disease) as it was often isolated in cases ofinfluenza. It is the main cause ofinfantile meningitis and conjunctivitis and is one of the most important causes of chronic bronchitis. 

We can rotate the crucible by itself, or in conjunction with the crystal. But another complexity arises, namely what direction of rotation and what relative speed of rotation should we use for both, or either If we rotate the crystal clockwise and the crucible counter-clockwise, then the heat flow patterns become complex indeed. These complexities have been studied in detail but will not be enumerated here. 

In this chapter we will illustrate and analyze some of the more common methods for measuring flow rate in conduits, including the pitot tube, venturi, nozzle, and orifice meters. This is by no means intended to be a comprehensive or exhaustive treatment, however, as there are a great many other devices in use for measuring flow rate, such as turbine, vane, Coriolis, ultrasonic, and magnetic flow meters, just to name a few. The examples considered here demonstrate the application of the fundamental conservation principles to the analysis of several of the most common devices. We also consider control valves in this chapter, because they are frequently employed in conjunction with the measurement of flow rate to provide a means of controlling flow. 

Monien and Stangel [598] studied the performance of a number of alternative chelating agents for vanadium, and their effect on vanadium analysis, by atomic absorption spectrometry with volatilisation in a graphite furnace. Two promising compounds were evaluated in detail, namely 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol in conjunction with tetraphenylarsonium chloride and tetramethylenedithiocar-bamate. These substances, dissolved in chloroform, were used for extraction... 

Van Zoonen et al. [19,20] employed an alternative approach, in an attempt to overcome the limited aqueous solubility of diaryloxalate ester-type POCL reagents. In this work, granular TCPO was mixed with controlled pore glass and packed in a flow cell, forming a solid-state TCPO reactor. When this was used in conjunction with a flow system, some of the TCPO dissolved in the carrier solution. Numerous difficulties were encountered with this approach, namely, limited reactor lifetime (approximately 8 h) and low CL emission obtained as the carrier became more aqueous (a 90% reduction of CL intensity occurred when the aqueous content of the carrier stream comprised 50% water, as compared to pure acetonitrile). The samples also required dilution with acetonitrile to increase the solubility of TCPO in the sample plug. 

Whilst this Chapter is primarily concerned with the methods of determining the free energies of tautomeric or ionisation equilibria via computer simulation of free energy differences, many of the issues raised relate also to the determination of other molecular properties upon which behaviour of the molecule within the body may depend, such as the redox potential or the partition coefficient.6 In the next section, we shall give a brief explanation of the methods used to calculate these free energy differences -namely the use of a thermodynamic cycle in conjunction with ab initio and free energy perturbation (FEP) methods. This enables an explicit representation of the solvent environment to be used. In depth descriptions of the various simulation protocols, or the accuracy limiting factors of the simulations and methods of validation, have not been included. These are... 

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