Jasmin absolute

As early as 1967, IFF chemists (11), in an in-depth study of jasmin absolute, identified an ultratrace amount of one of the key compounds in the entire fragrance repoitoire, hydroxycitroneUal [107-75-7] (21). This chemical has been used for many years in almost every "white flower" fragrance to give a very diffusive and lasting lily-of-the-valley and jasmin note, but this represents the only known identification of the compound in nature. This illustrates that the human nose can often predict the presence of a molecule well before the instmmentation becomes sufficiently sensitive to detect it. 

Raw materials derived from intensive agricultural cultivation are usually relatively inexpensive. However, the prices of some natural materials may exceed 1000 per kilogram because cultivation and harvesting of these plants are tedious and product yields are very low. Examples of extremely valuable ingredients of fragrance and flavor creations include rose oil, jasmine absolute, tuberose absolute, orris root oil, ambrette seed oil, angelica root oil, and orange flower oil [220]. 

Jasmin absolute is obtained by solvent extraction, via the concrete, from the flowers of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Oleaceae), cultivated in Egypt, Italy, Morocco, and India, and of J. sambac (L.) Ait. from China and India. The concrete is usually a brown to dark brown waxy mass, with a characteristic jasmin odor. 

Naturals Sandalwood Jasmin absolute Rose absolute... 

The creation of Chanel No. 5 was based on the bold imaginative use of then available aroma chemicals in combination with fine natural products. Rose and jasmin absolutes were probably used at levels of around 4% or 5%, which would not have been unusual at the time when the perfume was created. In addition there would have been natural musk, ambergris, and civet. 

Benzyl acetate Found in jasmin absolute and essential oils of ylang ylang and neroli. Floral and fruity odour (typical of jasmin). (Benzyl acetate is not a terpene derivative but is found in many essential oils.)... 

An absolute oil is an aromatic, volatile substance obtained by solvent extraction from a single botanical species, e.g. rose absolute, jasmine absolute. The resulting oil should have nothing added or removed during or after this process. 

The unprecedented development of analytical techniques from the 1960s through to the present time has enabled the identification of key components in natural products (see Chapter 12) and their subsequent synthesis in the laboratory. Compounds that are prepared by chemical means but that are identical in structure to those found in nature are known as nature-identical materials. The synthesis of compounds closely related to these nature-identical materials has led to the discovery of ingredients that are similar in odour, but which are much easier and cheaper to make than their natural counterparts. A notable example is that of jasmine jasmine absolute costs 3000-5000/kilo-gram, the nature-identical materials (19) and (20) cost 300-500/kilo-gram and the simpler cyclopentanone derivatives (21-23) 10-50/ kilogram. 

ChHi60, Mr 164.25, bpi kPa 78-79 °C, tfi° 0.9423, n 1.4989 occurs in jasmine absolute and contributes to its typical jasmine odor. It is a pale yellow, viscous liquid with a strong jasmine odor. Various stereospecific syntheses for c/s-jasmone have been reported. A patented method involves alkylation of 3-methyl-2-cyclopen-ten-l-one with cz. y-2-pentenyl chloride in an alkaline medium in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst (e.g., tricaprylmethylammonium chloride) [121] ... 

R = CH3, C9H10O2, Mt 150.18, fepiookPa 215 °C, 4° 1.0550, reg1 1.5232, is the main component of jasmine absolute and gardenia oils. It occurs as a minor component in a large number of other essential oils and extracts. It is a colorless liquid with a strong, fruity, jasmine odor. Benzyl acetate is prepared by esterification of benzyl alcohol with acetic anhydride (e.g., with sodium acetate as a catalyst) or by reaction of benzyl chloride with sodium acetate. In terms of volume, benzyl acetate is one of the most important fragrance and flavor chemicals. 

In a maximization test in healthy volunteers, 3% jasmine absolute in petrolatum produced sensitization in 2 of 25 volunteers when tested with other sensitizing agents but produced no sensitization when tested alone in another 25 healthy volunteers (Opdyke 1979). 

No irritation was observed after undiluted jasmine absolute was applied to the backs of hairless mice and pigs or to intact or abraded rabbit skin (Opdyke 1979). 

The LD50 of jasmine absolute orally administered to rats and topically administered to rabbits could not be determined at doses up to 5 g/kg (Opdyke 1979). 

Jasmine (absolute, synthetic) 5%-10% pet Larsen 1977 Santucci et al. 1987 Sugai 1994a... 

Indole (46) and 2 phenylethanol (47) are both shikimate derivatives. Indole is particularly associated with jasmine. It usually occurs in jasmine absolute at a level of about 3%-5% and makes a very sign cant odor contribution to it. However, it does occur in many other essential oils as well. 2-Phenylethanol occurs widely in plants and is especially important for rose where it usually accounts for one third to three quarters of the oil. The structures of both are shown in Figure 6.10. 

Among the carbonyl compounds, jasmone, jasmolactone, and methyl jasmonate predominate and have been reported to account for up to 94% of the total carbonyls present in jasmine absolute. ... 

An in vitro experiment utilizing guinea pig ileum and rat uterus demonstrated that jasmine absolute had a spasmolytic activity on both organs. The spasmolytic activity was suggested to be mediated through cAMP. 

Available data indicate jasmine absolute to be nonirritating, nonsensitizing, and nonphoto-toxic. However, allergenic components of the absolute have been characterized as con-iferyl acetate and coniferyl benzoate. ... 

Its small white flowers have to be handpicked in the early morning hours to produce the best quality of - jasmine absolute. 

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