Coturnix japonica

Sublethal effects in birds are similar to those in other species and include growth retardation, anemia, renal effects, and testicular damage (Hammons et al. 1978 Di Giulio et al. 1984 Blus et al. 1993). However, harmful damage effects were observed at higher concentrations when compared to aquatic biota. For example, Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) fed 75 mg Cd/kg diet developed bone marrow hypoplasia, anemia, and hypertrophy of both heart ventricles at 6 weeks (Richardson et al. 1974). In zinc-deficient diets, effects were especially pronounced and included all of the signs mentioned plus testicular hypoplasia. A similar pattern was evident in cadmium-stressed quail on an iron-deficient diet. In all tests, 1% ascorbic acid in the diet prevented cadmium-induced effects in Japanese quail (Richardson et al. 1974). In studies with Japanese quail at environmentally relevant concentrations of 10 pg Cd/kg B W daily (for 4 days, administered per os), absorbed cadmium was transported in blood in a form that enhanced deposition in the kidney less than 0.7% of the total administered dose was recovered from liver plus kidneys plus duodenum (Scheuhammer 1988). 

Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica 573 5/3 50 1... 

Chlordane interachons with other agricultural chemicals are significant and merit additional research. In one study, male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) pretreated for 8 weeks with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet had increased resistance to parathion, but not to paraoxon, as judged by cholinesterase activity (Ludke 1977). In another study, northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) treated with 10 mg chlordane/kg diet for 10 weeks, followed by endrin stress, had greater accumulations of chlordane in the brain than did birds treated only with chlordane (Ludke 1976). 

Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica 69 mg/kg diet, 95% confidence interval (Cl) of 49-97 mg/kg diet... 

Mumtaz, M.M. and R.E. Menzer. 1986. Comparative metabolism and fate of fenvalerate in Japanese quail (Cotumix coturnix japonica) and rats (Rattus norvegicus). Jour. Agricul. Food Chem. 34 929-936. 

Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica 5000 5 days 20.0 10... 

PCB 126 single injection of egg with 0.04-0.07 mg/kg FW JAPANESE QUAIL, Coturnix japonica... 

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