Conductive tanks systems

There are three methods of release detection that are associated with modem tank systems.18,22 The first approach is to conduct an annual tank or line tightness test to detect small releases and to use more frequent monitoring by another method to detect large releases. All tank and line tightness tests must be performed at least once a year and must be able to detect leaks of 0.38 L/h (0.1 gal/h). In all cases where annual tightness tests are used, the regulation requires an additional form of leak detection in which tests on tanks are conducted at least monthly and those on pressurized lines at least hourly this ensures the detection of excessively large releases. For tanks, daily inventory records must be reconciled monthly, for pressurized lines, leaks of up to 11.4 L/h (3 gal/h) must be reliably detected. 

FC vehicles fuel tank systems Conducted safety test of MH fuel tanks and quick refuelling test for MH tanks. 

Liquid storage requires highly sophisticated tank systems. Heat transfer into the tank through conduction, convection and radiation has to be minimized. Therefore, the specially insulated vessels consist of an inner tank and an outer container with an... 

Gas-liquid reactions are most often conducted in stirred-tank systems with flow of both gas and liquid through the reactors, or in bubble eolumns, or in packed columns—with countercurrent flow typical in the last two. For the most part the analysis given is independent of the specific configuration of the reaetor (bubbles are still with us and still important in design), but correlations for transport eoeffieients may vary with the individual reactor and type of operation. 

To deal with the abovementioned challenges, a number of CFM subsystems can be implemented upstream within the propellant tank as illustrated in Figure 1.3. Passive multilayer insulation (MLI) systems, lightweight, low thermal conductivity tank support struts, as well as optimized active cooling systems, such as broad area cooling (BAC) shields or... 

Currently, site-specific tests are often conducted to estimate the consumption and effects of additives (Moser and Owens, 1991). Some significant major process variables to examine when considering use of an additive are additive concentration, pH of the absorber feed slurry, and dissolved calcium concentration (Moser et al., 1990). Other important factors to consider in additive use are pH meter maintenance and opmtion, thickener operation, absorber and mist eliminator plugging, foaming (caused by soap-like impurities) in the recirculation tanks, system water balance, and corrosion of the additive feed system (Babcock Wilcox, 1992B). 

Commercial-scale operations are conducted in batch, fed-batch, or continuous culture systems. Fermentation vessels include the conventional baffled aerated tank, with or without impeller agitation, and the ak-lift tower fermentors in which ak is sparged into an annular space between the... 

It turns out that in low-viscosity blending the acdual result does depend upon the measuring technique used to measure blend time. Two common techniques, wliich do not exhaust the possibilities in reported studies, are to use an acid-base indicator and inject an acid or base into the system that will result in a color change. One can also put a dye into the tank and measure the time for color to arrive at uniformity. Another system is to put in a conductivity probe and injecl a salt or other electrolyte into the system. With any given impeller type at constant power, the circulation time will increase with the D/T ratio of the impeller. Figure 18-18 shows that both circulation time and blend time decrease as D/T increases. The same is true for impeller speed. As impeller speed is increased with any impeller, blend time and circulation time are decreased (Fig. 18-19). 

Figure 20-9 shows the negative effect of uninsulated heating elements on corrosion protection. In a 250-liter tank, an electric tube heating element with a 0.05-m surface area was screwed into the upper third without electrical separation, and in the lower third a tinned copper tube heat exchanger with a 0.61 -m surface area was built in. The Cu heat exchanger was short-circuited for measurements, as required. For cathodic protection, a potential-controlled protection system with impressed current anodes was installed between the two heating elements. The measurements were carried out with two different samples of water with different conductivities. 

Table 6.2 presents an overview of surface-emissive powers measured in the British Gas tests, as back-calculated from radiometer readings. Peak values of surface-emissive powers were approximately 100 kW/m higher than these average values, but only for a short duration. Other large-scale tests include those conducted to investigate the performance of fire-protection systems for LPG tanks. 

A continuous polymer anode system has been developed specifically for the cathodic protection of buried pipelines and tanks. The anode, marketed under the trade name Anodeflex , consists of a continuous stranded copper conductor (6AWG) which is encased in a thick jacket of carbon-loaded polymer, overall diameter 12-5 mm. To prevent unintentional short circuits an insulating braid is sometimes applied to the outer surface of the conductive polymer. 

Further experiments were conducted in a large aeration tank, 15 litres batch system to study die dry weight cell density, COD, carbohydrate, dissolved oxygen and oxygen transfer modelling. Two different airflow rates, 5 and 10 litres/min, were applied. However,... 

To clarify the laws of scale, investigations were conducted in geometrically strictly similar tanks having volumes V = 20,50, and 7301. For the same specific power, both the floe disintegration kinetics (Fig. 3) and the reference floe diameter (see Fig. 21) produce similar numerical values for all three scales. The same was also found for the other material systems. 

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