Conductive nanofibers PEDOT

PEDOT conductive nanofibers. PEDOT nanotubes produced by reverse microemulsion polymerization exhibit x values as high as 250 S cm . Nanofibers of PEDOT/PSS can be produced by the molecular combing method (Section 3.3.2). These fibers are very thin, with diameters well below... 

Other studies in 2000 by Drew et al. reported that it is very difficult to spin fibers of PANI complexed to sulfonated polystyrene (PANFSPS), even when solutions containing sodium chloride and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium salt were used to lower the surface tension and thereby enhance electrospinning [16,17]. However, PANFSPS nanofibers can be produced by adding a carrier polymer such as PEO, polyacrylonitrile, or polyurethane. Also reported was the use of electrostatically layered sulfonated polystyrene as a template for the surface polymerization of conjugated polymers in their conducting form. Enzymatic synthesis of PANI and a copolymer of pyrrole and PEDOT was done on electrospun nanofiber... 

Futhermore, nanofiber scaffold electrodes based on PEDOT for cell stimulation were recently reported by Bolin et al. [87]. Electronically conductive and electrochemically active three-dimensional scaffolds based on electrospun poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanofibers were prepared. Vapor-phase polymerization was employed to achieve a uniform and conformal coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with tosylate (PEDOT tosylate) on the nanofibers. The PEDOT coatings had a large impact on the... 

For instance, a soft-template method was used to synthesize nanolibers of PEDOT with diameters of 10-50 nm. A high electrical conductivity up to 83 S cm was obtained. Use the nanofibers as counter electrode produced a power conversion efficiency of 9.2%, much higher than its bulk PEDOT counterpart (6.8%) and comparable to that of the platinum electrode (8.6%) (Lee etal., 2012). 

Initially, poly(vinyl alcohol] (PVA] solution was electrospun and further treated with FeCl3 solution to adsorb Fe ions on the nanofibers surface. Later, an EDOT monomer was evaporated and polymerized on the PVA surface, leading to coaxial PVA/PEDOT fibers, which were washed with distillated water, giving 140 nm PEDOT tubes. PEDOT nanotubes achieved electrical conductivity values of 61 S/cm higher than the usual PEDOT nanomaterials... 

MPa] and flexibility, which can almost be restored to its original shape even after serious twisting and crimping. Especially, from the results of the cellular morphology and proliferation of human cancer stem cells (hCSCs) cultured on the PEDOT nanofiber mats for 3 days, evidence was provided that the PEDOT nanofiber mats have similar biocompatibility to tissue culture plates (TCPs) combined with a high electrical conductivity of 7.8 0.4 S cm". ... 

Conductivity measurements were realized using broadband dielectric spectrometer. Nanofiber mat samples were prepared with the area of 4 cm for measurement As a result, conductivity values increased with an increase of PEDOT-PSS content at high frequency. Figure 5.19 shows the conductivity changes with the increase of the CP in the nanofiber composite. 

The distribution of diameters of PEDOT-PSS/PVP nanofibers was insignificantly effected by the applied voltage. To compare PEDOT-PSS/PVP nanofibers with PVP nanofibers, electrospinning was performed under different conditions except the distance was constant between the tip and the collector (15 cm). PEDOT-PSS/PVP nanofib-ers were obtained while applyinga voltage of 11 and 18 kV and a flow rate of 0.2 mL/h and the average diameters were found to be 153 and 212 nm, respectively. By incorporating PEDOT-PSS in PVP, the electrical conductivity of composite nanofibers was improved. 

The electrical properties of PEDOT-PSS/PVAc electrospun nanofibers on the indium tin oxide-poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (ITO-PET surface were determined by electrochemical impedance measurements in a monomer-free solution 0.1 M. NaC104 in H2O solution (Table 6.1, Fig. 6.7). The admittance plots of the solutions were in accordance with the conductivity increase (decrease in impedance) by the increase of PEDOT/PSS content... 

There are various methods to synthesize polymer nanostructures, i.e., template synthesis, chiral reactions, self-assembly, interfacial polymerization and electrospinning. Recent developments in conducting polymer nanotubes and nanofibers were summarized by Long et al. Different preparation methods, physical properties, and potential applications of one-dimensional nanostructures of conjugated polyaniline (PANI), pol5 3nrole (PPy) and poly (3, 4-ethylenediox3d hiophene) (PEDOT) were discussed. 

In terms of the nanomaterial morphology, specific fabrication methods for five typical conducting polymers (PPy, PANI, PT, PEDOT, PPV) have been reviewed in Sects. 4-8. It deals with nanoparticle, core-shell nanomaterials, hollow nanospheres, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanopatterns, and nanocomposites of each conducting polymer. 

The fabrication of PEDOT nanofiber, nanotube and nanowire has been mainly focused on the AAO membrane, because AAO has advantages such as rigid shape, uniform diameter, and various pore sizes [364-368]. Electrochemical polymerization was performed in the pores of AAO membrane using SDS, LiC104 and EDOT solution and measured the resistance of the PEDOT nanofiber with a diameter of 35 nm and 150 nm, respectively. The resistance of PEDOT nanofiber was between 1.5 K and 300 K and the resistance ratio of R(T)/R (300 K) was the relevant term to investigate the intrinsic electrical properties of the conducting polymer. The resistance ratio increased... 

Nanofibers of conducting polymers such as those spun from polyaniline (PANi) are particularly well suited for use in conductivity sensors. Polymers commonly explored in sensor research include PANi, polythiophene (PT), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and polypyrrol (PPy), sometimes with other constituents, to enhance their sensing capability. Some of these such as PANi (Norris et al. 2000 Zhu et al. 2006a) and PPy (Kang et al. 2005 Nair et al. 2005) (as well as their hlends), can be readily electrospun into nanofibers. Polyaniline is somewhat unique in that its doped state can be controlled by the pH of the medium, allowing it to exist either as the emaraldine base or as the salt (Scheme 8.1). Simple acids and... 

Fig. 12 (a, b) An 80 jjim carbon nanotobe island grown on a 100 xm conductive titanium nitride pad scale bar is 10 p.m [91]. These entwined nanotubes give a matted surface scale bar is 100 p.m. Reproduced with permission (c) Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanofiber array after elec-trodepositing a 40-nm-thick conformal polypyrrole film scale bar is 500 nm [92]. Reproduced with permission, (d) PEDOT nanotubes formed using PLLA templates [93]... 

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