Electrical properties intrinsic

BPA based PC is an amorphous polymer with a Tg of 150°C. It offers outstanding impact strength, glasslike transparency, heat resistance, excellent electrical properties, intrinsic flame retardancy, and high dimensional stability up to just below its Tg. This outstanding... 

The electrical properties of polymers are a subject which is inherently interdisciplinary in nature. The development of intrinsically conductive polymers has benefited immensely from the contributions of synthetic chemists. 

For most semiconductors, kT (0.0259 eV at 300 K) is much smaller than E. Thus, few electrons and holes are produced at room temperature in such semiconductors. Intrinsic samples are far too resistive for many applications additionally, in actual semiconductor samples, the concentration of unwanted impurities often exceeds the intrinsic carrier concentrations. Under these conditions, it is difficult to maintain quality control over the electrical properties of semiconductors. For these reasons, the conductivity of semiconductors is generally deliberately controlled through a process known as doping. 

Because the intrinsic carrier concentrations in semiconductors are so low, even impurity concentrations at the level of one part per billion can have a profound effect on the electrical properties of a semiconductor sample. To increase the sample conductivity and to control other electronic properties of the semiconductor, low concentrations of specific impurity atoms are often introduced into the crystal lattice. This process, which is called doping, serves to decrease the resistance... 

As mentioned above, two different mass spectrometric approaches to lipid analysis exist The first one is performed directly from lipid extracts without prior chromatographic separation and is referred to as shotgun lipidomics. Here, lipid classes are separated in the ion source according to their intrinsic electrical properties (24). Detailed and unambiguous structural and quantitative analysis of individual species is obtained by means of multiplexed mass spectrometry using NL, PIS, and... 

The electrical properties of undoped diamond crystals make it suitable to be used as an insulator. It can support electric field strengths as high as 10 MV/cm before conduction and has a resistivity value as high as 10 Q. Its higher band-gap of 5.46 eV makes it difficult to promote an electron to the conduction band. This makes diamond a first-class insulator. Diamond insulators are being used in electronics as an intrinsic interface with doped diamond. 

These materials are extranely attractive for their optical and electrical properties. They have a high intrinsic ionic conductivity, which varies exponentially with temperature and is also anisotropic due to their bi-layer spatial structure [64]. For example, the lyotropic metal alkanoate potassium caproate showed a higher electrical conductivity in the smectic phase than in isotropic solutions. Since they are much less solvated within the layered structure of the smectic phase than in dilute... 

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