Conducting polymer in biosensors

Malhotra, B. D. Chaubey, A. Singh, S. P. Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. Anal. Chimica Acta 2006, 578, 59-74... 

The application of conducting polymers in biosensors is to achieve the third approach. 

Lahiff, E., Lynam, C., Gilmartin, N., O Kennedy, R., and Diamond, D. (2010) The increasing importance of carbon nanotubes and nanostructured conducting polymers in biosensors. Ana/. Bioanal.Chem., 398, 1575-1589. 

Conductive Polymers in Biosensors Polymers as Device Materials... 

Malhotra BD, Chaubey A, Singh SP (2006) Prospects of conducting polymers in biosensors. 

Schuhmann, W. (1995) Electron-transfer pathways in amperometric biosensors -ferrocene-modified enzymes entrapped in conducting-polymer layers. Biosensors ef Bioelectronics, 10 (1-2), 181-193. 

The effects of chemical structure on polymer film properties and applications were reviewed. The uses of conductive polymers in the bioanalytical sciences and in biosensor applications were investigated. Synthesis, characterization, and applications of CPs were reported, and the main aspects of CPs in chemical sensors and biosensors were covered. The advantages and limitations of conductive polymers for different biomedical applications like tissue engineering, biosensors, drug delivery, and bioactuators were reported. Different preparation methods for conductive polymers and the use of conductive pol5miers for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications were reviewed. ... 

Marked progress has been made in the last decade towards the application of conducting polymers to biosensors. In this context, the researchers working in this field of research... 

Various publications in recent years indicate organic conducting polymers as a convenient tool for the immobilisation of enzymes at the electrode surface and its interaction with metallic or carbon electrode surfaces. The application of conducting polymers in analytical chemistry has recently been reviewed [126-130]. Some other reviews have been devoted to their use in design of biosensors [131, 132]. 

Vidal, J.-C., E. Garcia-Ruiz, and J.-R.CastiUo. 2003. Recent advances in electropolymerized conducting polymers in amperometric biosensors. Microchim Acta 143 93. 

Recent advances in carbon nanotnbe technology inclnde the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into a number of conducting polymer-based biosensors. For example, preliminary studies have been performed exploring the properties of both polypyrrole-carbon nanotube and polyaniline-carbon nanotnbe devices as pH sensors [114], One application used deoxyribonucleic acid-doped polypyrrole in conjunction with carbon nanotubes for detection of deoxyribonucleic acid. 

Guiseppi-Elie A, Brahim S, Wilson A (2006) Biosensors Based on Electrically Conducting Polymers. In Skotheim T, Reynolds JR (eds) Handbook of Conducting Polymers Conjugated Polymer Processing and Applications, 3rd edn. Dekker, New York... 

Biosensors based on nanomaterials exploit many new signal transduction technologies in their manufacture [345], In molecular electronics and sensors, conducting polymers represent innovative systems for the immobilization of enzymes [346, 347], The entrapment of enzymes in polymeric films provides a controlled method to fasten biologically active molecules in a defined area on the electrodes. These examples show that conducting polymers in the area of bioanalytical sciences are of great interest since their biocompatibility opens up the possibility of using them as in vivo biosensors. 

Biosensors for e-tongue are systems with a biochemical transducer, an enzyme, and solid electrode in intimate proximity. Enzymes are oxidases that consume oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide or the reduced form of -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H as a dehydrogenase. Improvement in the performance of metal sensors, conductive polymers or biosensors is linked to scaling down of size to nanodimensions which increases the surface-to-volume ratio of the sensors, lowering detection limits. 

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