Conditioning, manufacturing process

Identification Subclass Family Common name Standard designation Condition Manufacturing process Product form... 

Repeatability. This refers to two aspects of inspection similarity between objects that are inspected and possibility of maintaining constant inspection conditions (settings) for all the inspections performed. Obviously, interpretation of data in repeatable conditions is significantly simplified. Usually, inspection during or after manufacturing process will be repeatable. Another example of repeatable inspection is inspection of heat exchangers in power nuclear plants, inspection of aircrafts as these are well standardised. However, a large part of the NDT inspection done is not repeatable. 

Neural network classifiers. The neural network or other statistical classifiers impose strong requirements on the data and the inspection, however, when these are fulfilled then good fully automatic classification systems can be developed within a short period of time. This is for example the case if the inspection is a part of a manufacturing process, where the inspected pieces and the possible defect mechanisms are well known and the whole NDT inspection is done in repeatable conditions. In such cases it is possible to collect (or manufacture) as set of defect pieces, which can be used to obtain a training set. There are some commercially available tools (like ICEPAK [Chan, et al., 1988]) which can construct classifiers without any a-priori information, based only on the training sets of data. One has, however, always to remember about the limitations of this technique, otherwise serious misclassifications may go unnoticed. 

Non-Desfructive testing can be apph ed widely in all industrial organisations during construction and after construction to determine, in first case, whether flaws have been introduced due to manufacturing process or in the second case, whether flaws have developed dtie to service conditions. NDT is therefore used to inspect... 

Polyethylene. This is essentially a closed-ceU insulation manufactured at 448 2 K by an extmsion process. A blowing agent and nucleating agent are employed to control the ceU size, and primary use is in insulating pipelines for hot and chilled water lines, air conditioning, and processing systems. 

Any manufacturing process requiring refractories depends on proper selection and installation. When selecting refractories, environmental conditions are evaluated first, then the functions to be served, and finally the expected length of service. AH factors pertaining to the operation, service design, and constmction of equipment must be related to the physical and chemical properties of the various classes of refractories (35). 

An understanding of competing reactions in the manufacturing process is important if by-products are to be minimized. Three competing reactions are possible under conditions of the reaction. 

What do we mean when we speak of an inherently safer chemical process Inherent has been defined as existing in something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality, or attribute (American College Dictionary, 1967). A chemical manufacturing process is inherently safer if it reduces or eliminates the hazards associated with materials and operations used in the process, and this reduction or elimination is permanent and inseparable. To appreciate this definition fully, it is essential to understand the precise meaning of the word hazard. A hazard is defined as a physical or chemical characteristic that has the potential for causing harm to people, the environment, or property (adapted from CCPS, 1992). The key to this definition is that the hazard is intrinsic to the material, or to its conditions of storage or use. Some specific examples of hazards include ... 

Advances in catalysis will result in the development of high yield, low waste manufacturing processes. Catalysts frequently allow the use of less reactive raw materials and intermediates, and less severe processing conditions. High yields and improved... 

Air conditioning The process of air treatment in which the temperature, moisture content, purity, and distribution is controlled to set conditions. The resulting conditions may be chosen for human thermal comfort or to meet the requirements of a manufacturing process... 

The type of manufacturing process, reaction conditions, and catalyst are the controlling factors for the molecular structure of the polymers [4-8]. The molecular features govern the melt processability and microstructure of the solids. The formation of the microstructure is also affected by the melt-processing conditions set for shaping the polymeric resin [9]. The ultimate properties are, thus, directly related to the microstructural features of the polymeric solid. 

The widest application of the refrigeration process is to provide cooling for air-conditioning. The majority of this is for personal comfort in hot climates or where heat is given off in enclosed spaces. There is an additional demand for industrial manufacturing processes where precise conditions of temperature, humidity and cleanliness are necessary. 

Some metals change their structure, or maintain an annealed condition, at low temperature, and this may be used as part of a manufacturing process. 

So far there is no cover-all recipe for remedying these undesirable phenomena yet recommendations have been made for some special cases which included proper choice of process conditions and methods, rational design of molds and articles allowing one to minimize the negative effect of filler and matrix orientation in the manufacturing process [370],... 

Last but not least, destruction of the matrix may result from the shaping process, the extent of which depends primarily on the manufacturing process, conditions and type of filler [376, 377]. The destruction of the matrix in a composite may be... 

Product designers must consider the conditions under which fabrication will take place, because these conditions affect product performance and cost. Such factors as production quantity, labor, and material cost are vital. Designers should also visualize how each product is to be fabricated. If they do not or cannot, their designs may not be satisfactory or even feasible from a production standpoint. One purpose of this book is to give designers sufficient information about manufacturing processes so that they... 

In all, the board submitted 32 recommendations as a result of its investigation. They include additional training for personnel in nitration and purification areas to enable them to cope with such emergency situations. The board also recommended the development of sensing equipment to uncover possible hazardous conditions earlier in the TNT manufacturing process . 

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