Conditioning contingency

Even in the safe operation conditions, contingency fire extinguishing systan is still needed in the biomass drying when the drying temperature is over 200°C. A simple method is to install water spay system, which is triggered by temperature sensor, smoke detector, or oxygen detector. 

Parameter-Driven Analysis Normal Conditions, Contingencies, Controls... 

Judicious electrical design will ensure a pull-out torque slip as close to the full-load slip as possible and minimize the additional slip losses in such a condition. See Figure 1.8. A motor with a pull-out torque as close to full load slip as possible would also be able to meet a momentarily enhanced load torque during a contingency without any injurious heat or a stalling condition. 

Note This operating condition is, however, not specific for it does not stipulate the frequency of occurrence of such a contingency. It may be assumed that this condition will not occur more than once before thermal stability is reached. See also Section 3.7. In normal practice a motor meeting the other operating conditions noted above in all likelihood will satisfy this requirement also without needing yet another derating. See also Example 7,1. 

The overvoltage factor, due to a phase fault, may thus not exceed a ground fault (GF) condition. It would, therefore, be appropriate to consider the GF condition instead of a phase fault and. in all probability, it will be adequate to account for this contingency. 

Contingency - An abnormal event which is the cause of an emergency condition. 

In addition to failure as a result of their utihty supply, items of equipment are subject to individual failure through mechanical malfunction. Such items include pumps, fans, compressors, mixers, instruments and control valves. The process upset resulting from such malfunctions (e.g., loss of a reflux pump) may in turn result in emergency conditions and the potential for overpressure. These contingencies should be examined and evaluated. 

It is also important to note that the lowest design pressure of any section of the casing must be specified to be no lower than the pressure which it may be subjected to under the PR valve relieving conditions. This is necessary to recognize pressure drop within the casing. The PR valve should be sized to pass the normal steam flow to the turbine, but credit may be taken for steam flow which is withdrawn from an intermediate turbine stage if it would not be blocked by the same contingency as closure of the exhaust. 

Conventional PR valves and discharge systems should be designed such that built-up back pressure does not exceed 10% of set pressure (both measured in psig), to avoid chattering problems. In the case where a pressure relief valve system is sized for fire conditions, with 21 % overpressure, built-up back pressure up to 21 % of set pressure is permissible. However, the lower rates resulting from other contingencies still must meet the 10% limitation. 

The "critical condition" in the specification sheet is entered as the contingency which determines the valve size, i.e., fire or operating failure. 

The coldest and hottest relieving temperature, whether resulting from ambient conditions, operational Mure or fire contingency, is used for the purpose of designing for thermal eiqiansion in the complete system of piping and headers. Credit may be taken for temperature rise or drop in the system, as described above. 

Successful installation, or roll-out, of your PSM systems requires sound planning and effective execution. No matter how diligent you have been, or how receptive and well-managed your company may be, no system as complex as PSM can work perfectly the first time. As every project manager knows, it s impossible to anticipate every outcome or contingency—especially when human behavior is involved. Pilot testing a new system provides the opportunity to identify weaknesses under controlled conditions this in turn enables you to fix problems before the system becomes fully operational. Once these problems are corrected, the pilot test produces a template for installation that can be replicated elsewhere. 

Decision/action charts can be used to represent tasks that involve decision-making, time-sharing, or complex conditions and contingencies. 

From such information even the inexperienced estimator can establish an approximation of the costs, provided he adequately visualizes the work functions and steps involved. From the same type of work reference, the experienced estimator can develop a realistic cost, usually expressed with certain contingencies to allow for unknown factors and changing conditions. The professional estimator wall normally develop cost charts and tables peculiar to the nature of his responsibilities and requirements of his employer. 

Reductionism will have to be a thesis about the explanation of historical facts, some more general than others, but all of them ultimately the contingent results of general laws of natural selection operating on boundary conditions. Reductionism needs to claim that the only way to explain one historical fact is by appeal to other historical facts, plus some... 

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