Condenser problem

There are some theoretical complications discussed in Refs. 91 and 92. Experimental complications include adsorption of solvent or of film on the electrode [93,94] the effect may be used to detect atmospheric contaminants. The atmosphere around the electrode may be flushed with dry nitrogen to avoid condensation problems [87]. 

They are effective as a means of removing heavy hydrocarbon vapors from emergency release streams, thus minimizing condensation problems in downstream equipment. 

Natural gas, found in geological accumulations, normally refers to the gaseous fossil-based equivalent of oil. Its composition varies widely, from high concentrations of nitrogen and carbon dioxide to (almost) pure methane. In general, it contains low concentrations of the higher (saturated) hydrocarbons, which influence the physical properties and may present condensation problems in high-pressure transport lines. 

For condensing problems, determine whether apparent weighted mean temperature difference is used, and which is applicable. 

Calculation for condensation problems is complex but is covered in the CIBSE Guide in some depth. 

Drying out buildings which have been left unoccupied for some time, or have a condensation problem... 

The question of durability of the mitigation system arises not only from the need for lifetime operation in the house, but also from concerns about the environment to which the SSD system is subjected.13 15 Soil gas is often very humid, causing condensation problems in the piping and the fan of the mitigation system. Also, particles can be drawn from the gravel bed or soil they in turn may line the pipes and deposit on the fan or possibly interfere with the fan bearings. 

Problem 17.36 Prepare /rarw-cinnamic acid, C H,CH=CHCOOH, by a Perkin condensation [Problem 17.34(a)], ... 

The dewpoint of a gas is a direct function of the concentration of the various hydrocarbon components in the gas. Increasing concentrations of any hydrocarbon heavier than methane will increase the tendency of liquids to condense at some pressure-temperature condition, but small quantities of pentanes and heavier components create more liquid condensation problems than somewhat larger quantities of intermediate hydrocarbons such as butanes, propane, and ethane. The heavier the hydrocarbon, the greater will be the effect of a given quantity on the dewpoint of the gaa. 

Surface condenser problems. These include undersized surface condenser area, water-side fouling, lack of water flow, condensate backup, and excessive cooling-water inlet temperature. To determine whether a poor vacuum in a surface condenser is due to such heat-transfer problems, plot the same point on the chart shown in Fig. 18.4. If this point is on or slightly below the curve, it is poor heat transfer in the surface condenser itself that is hurting the vacuum. 

The volatile (at reaction temperature) products can be grouped into liquids and gases, depending upon the state they are at ambient conditions. However, for practical reasons in all our experimental studies we used an ice bath T = 273 K) to collect the liquid products. This way we avoided possible condensation problems of the collected gases as well as variations due to seasonal room temperature fluctuations. A diagrammatic overview of the process mass balance is shown in Figure 7.6. 

Further criteria for the justification of the TSP-measurement in the dilution tunnel are more of a practical nature. It turned out that some condensation problems arise on the filters at the flue duct because of strong formation of water vapor at the beginning of the bum cycle. These problems arise because of the characteristic bum cycle of a slow heat release appliance In the initial phase after igniting the fuel batch, the wood logs catch fire and release the fuel water over a short time period, thus generating water vapor while the stove is still cold. Even heating of the flat filter holder could not solve this problem entirely. 

An alternative approach is the Slave Boson approximation [21] where the Fermionic operators are defined as the product of Boson and spin operators. There is a constraint with the number of Fermions, n /, and number of Bosons, n n f - - m, = 1. The spin part is treated with a RVB spin model and the charge as a Bose-Einstein condensation problem. These leads to a fractionalization of charges (holons) and spin (spinons), where uncondensed holons exist above the SC domain. The temperature crossover of the spinon pairing and the holon condensation, as a function of doping, is identified as peak in the SC domain. 

The feed and char were weighed and gas production was continuously monitored with a test meter to permit mass and energy balances. The water product was not determined, however, because of condensation problems in the scrubber. 

Another possible source of recoverable heat is the waste heat contained in the condensate. Owing to the condensation problems, the flue gas temperature is around 200 C. If the flue gases are cooled down from 200 C to 50°C by boiler feed water or processing water, the result is considerable saving in energy. 

The number of independent equations that model the general multicomponent condensation problem is 3n + 1. These equations are... 

It is obvious that the flux correction factors cannot be ignored in this particular problem. This is likely to be the case in many condensation problems. 

The theory of condensation briefly reviewed above is originally due to Mayer,17 Frenkel,6 and Band.2 Lee and Yang14 have satisfactorily treated the condensation problem for a lattice gas which is equivalent to an Ising model of ferromagnetism. 

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