Concrete biodeterioration

Concrete biodeterioration in radioactive-waste disposal Safe long-term storage of nuclear waste is of importance in protecting the environment. Cement and concrete are used as barriers in all... 

There are mainly four types of bacteria whose effects on concrete biodeterioration are known. These bacteria are the following ... 

Microbial biodeterioration of a great many materials (including concretes, glasses, metals and their alloys, and plastics) occurs by diverse mechanisms. 

Materials of Construction MIC processes are those processes by which manufactured materials deteriorate through the presence and activities of microbes. These processes can be either direct or indirect. Microbial biodeterioration of a great many materials (including concretes, glasses, metals and their alloys, and plastics) occurs by diverse mechanisms and usually involves a complex community consisting of many different species of microbes. 

MIC of Materials. Many cases have been documented of the biodeterioration by bacteria and/or fungi of architectural building materials, stonework, fiber-reinforced composites, polymeric coatings, and concrete.66 Biodeterioration then proceeds by the processes of staining, patina formation, pitting, etching, disaggregation, and exfoliation. (Dexter)5... 

Perry, T.D., Breuker, M., Mitchell, R., Biodeterioration of Concrete and Stone, Proceedings of the Corrosion 2002 Research Topical Symposium Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion, NACE International, pp. 113-121, 2002. 

Roberts, D. J., Nica, D., Zuo, G. Davis, J. L. (2002). Quantifying microbially induced deterioration of concrete initial studies. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 49, 227-34. 

Sand, W. Bock, E. (1991a). Biodeterioration of mineral materials by microorganisms -Biogenic sulphuric and nitric-acid corrosion of concrete and natural stone. Geomicrobiology Journal, 9, 129-38. 

Biodeterioration of concrete structures is caused by organisms that grow in environments on concrete surfaces that offer favorable conditions (e.g., available water, low pH, etc.), for example. 

FIGURE 4.32 Schematic presentation of possible nonbacterial and bacterial corrosive reactions involved in the biodeterioration of concrete by SOB. (With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion—An Engineering Insight, 2008, Javaherdashti R.)... 

S. Wei, M. Sanchez, D. Trejo, C. Gillis. Microbial mediated deterioration of reinforced concrete structures. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 748-754, 2010. 

R. Javaherdashti, H. Nikraz, M. Borowitzka, N. Moheimani, M. Olivia. On the Impact of algae on accelerating the biodeterioration/biocorrosion of reinforced concrete A mechanistic review. European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 394—406, 2009. 

B. CwaUna. Biodeterioration of concrete. Architecture Civil Engineering Environment, No. 4, pp. 133-140, 2008. 

S.H.B. Jayakumar, R. Saravanane, T. Snndararajan. Biodeterioration of coastal concrete structures by macro algae Ulva fasciata. Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 154-161, 2011. 

R. Javaheidashti, A.M. Qnintero, M.M. Torres, M. Sanchez Silva. Biodeterioration of reinforced concrete structures A review of causes and remedies. To be published. 

S.M. de Moraes Pinheiro, M. Ribas Silva Alteration of concrete microstructure by biodeterioration mechanisms. In Proceedings pro044 Microbial impact on building materials. Ribas Silva M (Ed.), Lisbon, Portugal, 2003. 

E. Bastidas-Arteaga, M. Sanchez-SUva, A. Chateauneuf, M. Ribas Silva. Coupled reliability model of biodeterioration, chloride ingress and cracking for reinforced concrete structures. Structural Srfety, Vol. 30, pp. 100-129, 2008. 

D.J. Roberts, D. Nica, G. Zuoo, J.L. Davis. Quantifying microbially induced deterioration of concrete Initial studies. International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, Vol. 49, pp. 227-234, 2002. 

Aldehyde-releasing agents, particularly those which release formaldehyde, find application in a number of processes as preservatives, such as in cutting-oil emulsions and latexes [325]. Formaldehyde may be applied to natural keratin fibres in the leather and textile industry to prevent problems of anthrax contamination [341], in paints as preservatives [342] and in the construction industry as toxic washes to prevent microbial growth on large surface areas [343] or as additives in concrete itself [344]. Formaldehyde has long been used as a preservative for natural history specimens in, for example, museums, to prevent biodeterioration and maintain the structure of organs and tissues [345]. 

Roberts DJ, Nica D, Zuo G, Davis JL (2002) Quantifying microbtally indtreed deterioration of concrete Initial studies. Intematiorral Biodeterioration Biodegradtion (49) 227-234 Davies JL, Nica D, Shields K, Roberts DJ (1998) Analysis of concrete from corroded sewer pipe. International Biodegradation Biodegradation (42) 75—84... 

Mori T, Nonaka T, Tazaki K, Koga M, Hikosaka Y, Noda S (1992) Interactions of nutrients moisture and pH on microbial corroson of concrete sewer pips. Water Resources 26(1) 29-37 Ribas Silva M, Hnheiro SMM (2007) Mitigation of concrete stmetures submitted to biodeterioration. MIC - An Intemational Perspective Symposimn. Extrin Corrosion Consultants,... 

A. H. Rose, Microbial Biodeterioration, Academic Press, London, 1981, pp. 1-516. W. Sand, Importance of hydrogen sulfide, thio-sulfate, and methylmercaptan for growth of thiobacilh dming simidation of concrete corrosion, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55 1645-1648 (1987). 

In general, biodeterioration is described as the undesirable degradation of materials by microorganisms. The term biodeterioration also implicitly includes biocorrosion and biodegradation. All three terms, corrosion, degradation, and deterioration, will be used in this chapter. In the following sections, microbial deterioration of metals, polymeric materials, concrete, and stone will be discussed. 

Concrete and stone are the most widely used materials in construction and infrastructures. Biodeterioration of these materials has important economic consequences, especially when replacement or repair of infrastructures such as bridges or municipal sewer systems is involved (Biczok 1968 Diercks et al. 1991 Ford 1993 Mansfeld et al. 1990 Sand and Bock 1984 Sand etal. 1983,1987,1991 Yao and Li 1995). In addition, biodeterioration plays an important role in deterioration of stone in historic buildings, monuments, and archaeological sites (Arino et al. 1997 Bianchi et al. 1980 Bock et al. 1989 ... 

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