ConA — concanavalin

Ac, acetyl AONs, antisense oligonucleotides B, boat Bn, benzyl Bz, benzoyl C, chair CD, circular dichroism CO, carbon monoxide ConA, concanavalin A DAST, diethylaminosulfur trifluoride DFT, density functional theory DMDO, dimethyldiox-irane DMT, dimethoxytriphenylmethyl DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid dsDNA, double-stranded DNA E, envelope Fmoc, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl GlcNAc, /V-acetylglucosamine ITC, isothermal titration calorimetry kcat, catalytic rate constant Aa, association constant K, inhibition constant KM, Michaelis constant LiSPh, lithium thiophenolate LPS, lipopolysaccharide pM, micromolar MMT,... 

Abbreviations-. CD, cluster designation (surface markers) ConA, concanavalin A (aT cell mitogen) IFNy, interferon-gamma IL, interleukin PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells TNFa, tumour necrosis factor-alpha. 

AZA = azathioprine CY = cyclophosphamide CsA = cyclosporine A ConA = concanavalin A LPS = lippopolysaccharide KLH = keyhole limpet hemocyanin PWM = pokeweed mitogen MLR = mixed-lymphocyte reaction PHA = phytohaemagglutinin. 

Abbreviations used BP, binding proteins ConA, Concanavalin A GNA, snowdrop lectin HA, hemagglutinin HyBP, hyaluronan-binding protein MBP, mannose-binding protein SAP, serum amyloid Pcoinionent SBA, soybean a lutinin var, variable WGA,... 

Fig. 14 Glycoprofiling of placental and glycoengineered hCG based on the binding of specific lectins. Lectin specific for ot2,3/6-bound sialic acid (black bars SNA, Sambucus nigra agglutinin), complex glycans (grey bars ConA, concanavalin A), a2,3-bound sialic acid (white bars WGA, wheat germ agglutinin) and core-fucosylated glycans (hatched...

Abbreviations (ConA) concanavalin A (DAPI) 4,6-diamidino 2 phenylindole (FITC) fluorescein isothiocyanate (PI) propidium iodide (py99) phosphotyrosine (TRITC) tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. 

UFA = unsaturated fatty acid SFA = saturated fatty acid PHA = phytohaemagglutinin PPD = purified protein derivative of tubercle bacillus PWM = pokeweed mitogen PG = prostaglandin LT = lymphocyte transformation ConA = concanavalin A. 

The first allosteric modulators discovered to act on AMPA/KA receptors were the plant lectins, including concanavalin A (ConA), that block receptor desensitization, probably through binding to Y-1 inked oligosaccharides (51,52). It was soon discovered that certain benzothiazides, such as diazoxide and cyclothiazide, also act on the same allosteric site controlling non-NMDA receptor desensitization (53-55). Interestingly, ConA and cyclothiazide show high selectivity for KA and AMPA receptors, respec-... 

Figure 1 Continued on next page) Immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIV) induced antigen specific proliferation of CD4+CD45RO+ cells. (A) Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMQ from healthy donors n=3) were cultured in the absence of stimuli (Neg), in the presence of IRIV (V), and in the presence of control liposomes (L) at the indicated dilutions. Proliferation was measured on day 6 of culture by H-thymidine incorporation. (B) Cord blood mononuclear cells from two donors were cultured in the absence of stimuli (Neg) or in the presence of phytohaemag-glutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA), IRIV (V) or L at the indicated concentrations. Proliferation was measured on day 3 of culture for PHA and ConA cultures and on day 6 for IRIV and L stimulated cultures. (Q Purified CD4+ or CD8+ cells were cocultured with autologous irradiated PBMC in the absence of stimuli (Neg) and in the presence of IRIV (V) at the indicated concentrations. Proliferation was measured on day 6 of culture by H-thymidine incorporation. (D) Purified CD4/CD45RA+ cells and CD4/CD45RO-I-cells were isolated from PBMC of one healthy donor and cocultured with autologous irradiated PBMC in the presence of IRIV (V) or L at the indicated concentration. Proliferation was measured on day 6 of culture by H-thymidine incorporation. Source From Ref 6.

A simplified equilibrium extraction model (Fig. 6) was presented by Dordick and colleagues [188] to explain the resolution behavior of glycoproteins in affinity based reverse micellar extraction and separation (ARMES). Their system for the study includes soybean peroxidase (SBP, MW 37 KDa, pi 4.1) and aj-acid glycoprotein (AGP, MW 43 KDa, pi 3.7) as glycoprotein solutes, concanavalin A (ConA) as the affinity ligand in AOT/isooctane RMs. The separation factor (a) for the separation of SBP from AGP can be given by... 

Sect. 7 Ka a Abbreviations AAc BIS ConA DDS DMSO DLS IPN ionization constant degree of ionization acrylic acid N, N -methylene- bisacry lamide concanavalin A dextran sulfate dimethylsulfoxide dynamic light scattering interpenetrating network... 

Kokufuta, Zhang and Tanaka developed a gel system that undergoes reversible swelling and collapsing changes in response to saccharides, sodium salt of dextran sulfate (DSS) and a-methyl-D-mannopyranoside (MP) [126]. The gel consists of a covalently cross-linked polymer network of W-isopropylacrylamide into which concanavalin A (ConA) is immobilized. As shown in Fig. 31, at a certain temperature the gel swells five times when DSS ions bind to ConA due to the excess ionic pressure created by DSS. The replacement of the DSS by non-ionic MP brings about collapse of the gel. The transition can be repeated with excellent reproducibility. 

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