Lozenges, compounding

Compound Lozenge of Bismuth, B.P.C. Contains bismuth carbonate, calcium carbonate and heavy magnesium carbonate in sucrose and acacia. All three active ingredients may be determined with EDTA as follows ... 

The method given under Compound Lozenge of Bismuth is clearly applicable to this preparation, except that there is no necessity to ignite in the determination of calcium and magnesium. The present B.P.C. method is based upon precipitation of the bismuth with potassium iodide and determination of total and soluble alkali. 

Eisen-oxydverbindung, /. ferric compound, iron(III) compound, -pastille, /. (Pharm.) reduced iron lozenge, -pecherz, n. limonite pitticite tripUte. -phosphor, n. iron phosphide. -probe, /. iron test iron sample, -pulver, n. iron powder, -quarz, m. ferriferous quartz, -rahm, m. a porous form of hematite. 

Polynoxylin (poly[methylenedi(hydroxymethyl)urea]) is a similar compound available in gel and lozenge formulations. 

Over the years it has been interesting to note that many compounded products eventually become commercially available products. Recent examples might include fentanyl lozenges, minoxidil topical solution, nystatin lozenges, clindamycin topical solution, tetracaine-adrenalin-cocaine (TAG) solution, dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray, buprenorphine nasal spray, buffered hypertonic saline solution, and erythromycin topical solution as well as numerous other dermatological and pediatric oral liquids and some... 

Up to 1999, only metal atoms [1-5], metal clusters [6,7], metal nitrides [55-57], and noble gas atoms [58-60] were observed to be encaged inside C60, C70, or various sizes of higher fullerenes. The experimental evidence for carbon atoms or metal-carbon compounds (carbides) being encapsulated inside fullerenes had not yet been observed. In 2000, Shinohara et al. succeeded in the first production, isolation, and spectroscopic characterization of a scandium carbide endohedral fullerene (Sc2C2) C84. Following this, the first experimental evidence based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction was presented and revealed that the Sc carbide is encapsulated in the form of a lozenge-shaped Sc2C2 cluster inside the D2d-C84 fullerene [8]. 

In these two compounds, Ca2+ was expected to occupy the 8-coordinated site, leaving the magnetic ions Mn2+ (Co2+) and Fe3+ occupy as for them the octahedral ones, forming then an uncommon type of chains of concatenated lozenges. 

Noxythiolin (N-hydroxy N-methylthiourea) is supplied as a dry powder and on aqueous reconstitution slowly releases formaldehyde and N-methylthiourea. The compound has extensive antibacterial and antifungal properties and is used both topically and in accessible body cavities as an irrigation solution and in the treatment of peritonitis. Polynoxylin (poly[methylenedi(hydroxymethyl) urea]) is a similar compound available in gel and lozenge formulations. 

The antibacterial compounds used in sore-throat lozenges are unlikely to be effective against the rhinoviruses that are largely responsible for the common cold. A sore throat complicated by a secondary bacterial infection, such as tonsillitis, would normally be treated with a systemic antibiotic. 

Liquid-liquid extraction is generally reserved for more complex samples because it offers poorer precision than other techniques. It is most commonly used for the preparation of biological samples in which less precise methods can be tolerated. Occasionally, however, an extraction is necessary for the determination of a water-insoluble compound in a water-soluble matrix, such as the analysis of fat-soluble vitamins in tablets or menthol in pharmaceutical lozenges. In these cases, the water-soluble matrix must be treated with water to gain access to the analytes, but the solvent cannot be made sufficiently nonpolar to dissolve the analytes by adding a water-miscible solvent. 

MAJOR USES Used in the production of resins, ear and nose drops, throat lozenges, mouthwashes, pharmaceuticals, dyes and organic compounds. 

Benzoin tincture contains 10% benzoin in alcohol, while the compound formulation also contains 2% aloes, 8% storax, and 4% tolu balsam in alcohol. Occasionally, allergic contact dermatitis occurs to these preparations or derivatives in Ar-ning s tincture (besides benzoin, tumenol ammonium, anthrarobin, and ether), adhesives, water repellent barrier creasms, lozenges, and cosmetics (Spott and Shelley 1970). Cross-reactions occur to balsam of Peru, storax, eugenol, vanilla, a-pinene, benzyl alcohol, and benzyl cinnamate (Hjorth 1961). 

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