Semantic component

The distinction between these two classes of reactions is semantic for the five-membered rings Diels-Alder reaction at the F/B positions in (269) (four atom fragment) is equivalent to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in (270) across the three-atom fragment, both providing the 47t-electron component of the cycloaddition. Oxazoles and isoxazoles and their polyaza analogues show reduced aromatic character and will undergo many cycloadditions, whereas fully nitrogenous azoles such as pyrazoles and imidazoles do not, except in certain isolated cases. 

Finally, reductionism is closely tied to the so-called syntactic approach to theories, an approach which treats theories as axiomatic systems expressed in natural or artificial languages. Indeed, closely tied may be an understatement, since deduction is a syntactic affair, and is a necessary component of reduction. Once philosophers of science began to take the semantic approach to theories seriously, the very possibility of reduction became moot. For the semantic approach treats theories as families of models, and models as implicit definitions, about which the only empirical question is whether they are applicable to phenomena. For reduction to be obtained among models semantically characterized requires an entirely different conception of reduction, and whether such a conception would capture anything of interest about inter-theoretical relations is questionable. 

We could use explicit stereotypes to indicate the component frameworks being applied instead, we assume that a distinguished connector and arrow notation has the same semantics within a particular component architecture. Also, the semantics work equally for types and instances. 

In addition to fragment and graph indexing of polymer information, the POLID-CAS YR system also makes use of two distinct vocabularies for non-structural terms. The first vocabulary is, in essence, a controlled vocabulary of hierarchically ordered terms (taxonomy), supplemented by a second, more fluid vocabulary, which is subject to constant editing. The latter is used to further enhance the controlled vocabulary, e.g., the term isomerization , which is part of the controlled vocabulary, could be defined further by the terms racemization , tautomerization or rotation isomerization . Annotation of this kind is only a short step away from techniques, which we now associate with the terms tagging and folksonomies and which are typical components of Web 2.0 systems. POLIDCASYR s controlled vocabulary is structured according to a number of semantic categories such... 

It is an interesting semantic question whether C 2 should be regarded as a component of form drag or of skin friction. 

Another new, or at least exacerbated, class of faults is that of mismatches at the interfaces between component systems. These are typically semantic (e.g., confusion between Fahrenheit and Celsius) not just syntactic, or due to fundamental policy incompatibilities. (There is in many quarters a present assumption that a middleware infrastructure facilitating the use of Web Services, XML, etc., will largely solve the problems of creating systems-of-systems, but such facilities mainly help deal with syntax issues.)... 

The and elements reference namespaces other than CML. This is done to facilitate aggregation with other XML components, such as dictionaries, and by this means to reduce what has been called tag soup . For example, defines a namespace for a dictionary reference called chem mpt. Any processing software that might need to process a melting point property would be directed to this dictionary for further information on the semantics of this term. Similarly, the... 

Montgomery C, Fisk JE, Newcombe R, Murphy PN. The differential effects of ecstasy/polydrug use on executive components shifting, inhibition, updating and access to semantic memory. Psychopharmacology 2005 182 262-76. 

Semantic-Relationship 5 is-composed-of. Relates a modeling object to its component parts ... 

Semantic-Relationship 12 is-disaggregated-in. As in LCR, this semantic relationship associates a modeling element, located in a given context, with its constituent modeling components that are located at a different (more detailed) context. For example,... 

Other types of browsers are employed to show different semantic relations between the components of the language, for example, to display is-a or is-a-member-of links, or to show the directed graph that is formed by the contexts and the parent/ child relations between them. 

Rich and Extensible Type System. The organization of flowsheet components in an expressive type system is an indispensable prerequisite for guiding consistent flowsheet refinement. However, the richness and the rapid growth of knowledge goes beyond the abilities of typical object-oriented type systems there are many conceivable process steps and possible stream types. Thus, the type system of the flowsheet provides a semantically rich characterization of individual flowsheet components that is extensible. The chemical engineer is empowered to define his own flowsheet components and characterize them semantically in order to promote their reuse in future projects. 

The development of a wrapper includes several tasks. Syntax and semantics of the given interface, the source interface, to be wrapped as well as of the interface required by the client, the target interface, have to be specified. Furthermore, the transformation of the source into the target interface has to be defined. Consequently, a wrapper is not a monolithic component, it is rather a subsystem consisting of several subcomponents [136]. 

We intend to use semantic technologies for the realization of both the comprehensive and the application-specific information bases. In this context, the term semantic technologies refers to software systems that use ontologies as internal data models. Since ontologies explicitly specify the semantics of the data, a specialized software component, the so-called inference engine, can interpret and reason about the data. 

Layer 2 Technical adapters layer. This layer is responsible to embed legacy systems into the new technical infrastructure. This is done by technical adapters. These components serve as proxies adapting the existing COBOL interfaces to the required new syntax. No kind of semantical homogenization is done on this level. A typical task of an adapter is, for example, the conversion of data types. Furthermore, adapters encapsulate physical distribution and the corresponding communication protocols. 

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