Complex, definition

Proper identification of a hazardous waste can be a difficult and confusing task, as the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations establish a complex definition of the term hazardous waste. To help make sense of what is and is not a hazardous waste, this chapter presents the steps involved in the process of identifying, or characterizing, a hazardous waste. 

Unfortunately, many compounds contain bonds that are a mixture of ionic and covalent. In such a case, a formal charge as written is unlikely to represent the actual number of charges gained or lost. For example, the complex ferrocyanide anion [Fe(CN)6]4- is prepared from aqueous Fe2+, but the central iron atom in the complex definitely does not bear a +2 charge (in fact, the charge is likely to be nearer +1.5). Therefore, we employ the concept of oxidation number. Oxidation numbers are cited with Roman numbers, so the oxidation number of the iron atom in the ferrocyanide complex is +11. The IUPAC name for the complex requires the oxidation number we call it hexacyanoferrate (II). 

Kinetic complexity definition, 43 Klinman s approach, 46 Kinetic isotope effects, 28 for 2,4,6-collidine, 31 a-secondary, 35 and coupled motion, 35, 40 in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, 35 as indicators of quantum tunneling, 70 in multistep enzymatic reactions, 44-45 normal temperature dependence, 37 Northrop notation, 45 Northrop s method of calculation, 55 rule of geometric mean, 36 secondary effects and transition state, 37 semiclassical treatment for hydrogen transfer,... 

Ru(CN)jNO reactions with OH , SH and SOj" resemble those of the nitroprusside ion, with attack at the coordinated nitrosyl to give analogous transients and similar second-order rate constants. Ruthenium(II) complexes of the general type Ru(N2), Nj = biden-tate hgands, are important reactants. The relative inertness of Ru(NH3) + and Ru(diimine)f+ towards substitution makes these complexes definite, although weak, outer-sphere reductants (Tables 5.4, 5.5, 5.6 and 5.1). Ruthenium(ll) complexes of the general type Ru(diimine)f +, and particularly the complex Ru(bpy)j+, have unique excited state properties. They can be used as photosensitizers in the photochemical conversion of solar energy. Scheme 8.1 ... 

This definition for aliphatic amines can be used to direct protonation of these species although it should be noted that our ionization model uses more complex definitions to prevent simultaneous protonation of both nitrogen atoms in a piperazine ring. 

Due to the reduced symmetry, more complex definitions are necessary for the UPM [17]. 

The meaning of this complex definition is illustrated in figure 5.28. The procedure starts with a (small) set of initial experiments. The next step is the application of a model to the data. This model can be a graphical or a mathematical one, but may also be a simple linear interpolation between the individual data points. Typically, the model is applied to the retention surfaces of the individual solutes, and not to the response surface. Alternatively [537], it may describe relative retentions with respect to a reference component in the... 

Goren A, Ram O, Amit M, Keren H, Lev-Maor G et til (2006) Comparative analysis identifies exonic spUdng regulatoiy sequences - The complex definition of enhancers and silencers. Mol Cell 22 769-781... 

The basis of the concept of a dimer of chlorophyll a in P-700 rests on evidence obtained with optical or ESR spectroscopy. In the P-700 redox difference spectrum, although very similar to that obtainable upon chemical oxidation of chlorophyll a, there are significant differences in the red region, which presents a splitting of the peak (at 685 and 700 nm) which is absent in chlorophyll a [53]. Moreover, the ESR and ENDOR spectra also present characteristics that have been interpreted as due to a dimeric arrangement [16]. Alternative interpretations have been offered suggesting that the spectral distortions are caused by a modification of the chemical environment of chlorophyll a in the RC complex. Definitively not in line with the dimer hypothesis is the spectrum of the light-induced triplet state of P-700, that can be observed when the intermediate acceptor is prereduced chemically in this spectrum the zero field parameters are the same as those of chlorophyll a monomers [54]. It is not clear, however, whether the triplet state resides on P-700 or on other chlorophylls of the RC complex. 

In 6.1 I consider the meaning of "class" in Marx. In reconstructing the notion 1 have kept in mind what 1 believe was Marx s main use for the concept - to explain the incidence and the forms of collective action. I examine attempts todefine class in termsof property endowments, exploitation, market behaviour and power - concluding that none of these by itself will give us what we want. Rather, a more complex definition is... 

The reaction shown in equation (m) establishes that a coordinated amide within an Ir complex definitely acts as proton acceptor . This may be a genuine heteroiytic activation of H2 with a transition state like 1 but, because Ir polyhydrides are known (see 14.3.2.1, Table 1), an initial oxidative addition of H2 cannot be ruled out. 

Although considerable effort has gone into the preparation and structural determination of sulfur-containing copper complexes, definitive characterization of binuclear complexes containing a mercaptide bridge has proved exceedingly difficult. Two major problems which manifest this difficulty are the tendency for Cu(II) to readily oxidize mercaptans... 

Fig. 5. Molecular complexes, (a) Building molecular complexes by dragging and dropping their molecular components into the complex definition field, (b) After double-clicking the lines linking molecular binding sites the sites will be associated.

To define spontaneous and enzymatic transformations for a complex double-click its symbol in the list of defined complexes in the complex tab. The complex will appear in the white region of the complex definition field that will now not show a grid (that would be needed for defining the structure of new complexes) (see Note 6). 

When dragging molecnles into the complex definition grid of the complexes tab of simmod yon will notice that the software will accept drops only for selected positions in the grid, depending on the molecnle type being dropped and on the molecules already present in the grid. Membrane-associated molecules can only be positioned into the two central positions. 

Synonyms Aluminum chlorhydroxide alcohol soluble complex Aluminum chlorohydrol propylene glycol complex Aluminum, chloro hydroxy propylene glycol complexes Aluminum, chloro propylene glycol complexes Definition Deriv. of aluminum chlorohydrate (coordination complex of basic aluminum chloride and propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol in which water molecules have been displaced by glycol)... 

Synonyms Aluminum chlorohydrex polyethylene glycol complex Definition Coordination complex of aluminum chlorohydrate and polyethylene glycol in which some of the water molecules have been displaced by the polyethylene glycol Uses Anti perspi rant agent, astringent in cosmetics OTC drug ingred. 

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