Comparison of fibre properties

By way of summary, the physical properties of the six bast fibres discussed in this chapter are given in Table 2.18. 

Pavelek, M., Stock of Flax Genetic Resources in Europe. Proceedings of the 3rd Global Workshop Bast Fibrous Plants for Healthy Life . Banka Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Repubhc of Srpska, 24—28.10.2004. 

Heller, K. and St. Rdlski, The Effect of Agricultural Conditions on Weed Communities and Herbicide Efficacy in Fibre Flax Cultivation in Poland. Proceedings of the Second Global Workshop Bast Plants in the New Millenium . Borovets, Bulgaria, 3-6 June, 2001. 

Poradnikplantatora Inu i konopi [Guide for flax and hemp growers]. PWRiL, Poznan, Poland, 1994. 

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Table 11.4 Comparison of fibre properties and estimated cost...

Figure I. Comparison of the properties of different natural reinforcement fibres.

Table 9.2 A comparison of the properties of E-glass fibre and various natural fibres. ...

Comparison of tensile properties of polyester and polypropylene fibres (Source-. From Reference 57.)... 

Table 9.1 Comparison of Cost/Properties Between Unfilled, Glass-fibre Filled and Glass-fibre Coupled Grades of Propathene ...

Many thermoplastics can be considered for this application although glass fibre reinforcement provides much greater rigidity, improved strength and a higher heat distortion temperature, these materials are more brittle than the unfilled ductile polymers and have unsatisfactory impact behaviour for this application. The high-temperature creep properties of ABS are unsuitable, and polyamides not only absorb water, which affects properties, but also have poor dimensional tolerances. The three most suitable materials are therefore modified PPO, PC and polyacetal (see Chapter 7) a comparison of their properties indicates that PC is the preferred material. Furthermore, its... 

Comparison of mechanical properties foiind out from the test of carbon fibres in straight and looped forms shows that it is possible to determine intrinsic material characteristics based on values of critical load, shape and the loop dimensions and fibre diameter. 

Straight fibres produced by cutting the unraveled wire from scrap or wornout steel cables and wire ropes (S-fibre),which are much cheaper than the other two, the cost of S-fibres is approximately 50% of that of M-fibres or 30% of that of H-fibres. The aspect ratio (length to equivalent diameter) is about 50 for H-fibre and M-fibre,75 for S-fibre. To allow comparison of the properties of SFRC with different types and contents of steel fibres, the matrix of all specimens is the same for each group of tests. 

Modified PAN fibres have been obtained from copolymers containing up to 15% or ISP units using the wet spinning process30. Some properties of modified fibres are presented in Table 1. For comparison are also given the properties of fibres obtained from copolymers additionally crosslinked with conventional crosslinking agents used in the vulcanization of nitrile rubbers. 

Special optical fibres have been intensively investigated during recent years because of their potential wide-range use for on-line monitoring of material properties or processes in a number of areas of human activity (environment protection, food industry, medicine etc.) Their technology can be considered an integral part of the team-work on optical fibre sensors development. Despite special optical fibres represent a unique and often indispensable tool for a variety of sensor applications, special fibre production still represents only a small fraction of the market. Probably it is because of their low consumption (in comparison with standard telecommunication fibres), the need for much more advanced know-how and lower reproducibility. 

Table 3.5 shows some examples of the property effect ratios for mineral filler-reinforced polypropylene. The effect ratio is the performance of the reinforced polymer divided by the performance of the neat polymer. Properties of low-level glass fibre reinforced polypropylene are given for comparison. 

The temperature dependences of many optical properties of the resin, e.g. fluorescence and Raman scattering (the ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes intensities), provide an opportunity to use this as a way of monitoring temperature by comparison with a known standard material. Other systems are based on the properties of the fibre itself or a deliberately added dopant rather than the resin being probed. Table 6.4 shows the commercially available temperature probes that are based on optical phenomena and the use of fibre-optics (Fernando and Degamber, 2006). 

Physical properties of some natural fibres. Properties of some synthetic organic and inorganic fibres are added for comparison... 

A comparison of properties between E-glass fibre and different natural fibres are shown in Table 9.2. ... 

Sawada Y, Shindo A, Torsional properties of carbon-fibers, Carbon, 30(4), 619-629, 1992. Swanson SR, Merrick M, Toombes GR, Comparison of torsion tube and losipescu in-plane shear test results for a carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composite, Composites, 16, 8220, 1985. 

Natural fibres can be derived either from plants (such as flax or hemp), produced by animals (such as silk or spider silk) or from minerals (such as asbestos). Table 6.1 shows the comparison of selected physical properties between natural fibres and synthetic fibres. Although the mechanical properties of natural fibres are very much lower than those of conventional synthetic fibres, such as glass or carbon fibres. 

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