Comparing storage options

The choice of a suitable hydrogen store depends on the application aimed for and should compare options at a system level. 

Similar assessments may be made for other applications, notably stationary uses, where the requirements in most cases are less stringent. An alternative tool in evaluation of system performance is a plot of energy density versus power density. Some of the systems under consideration (e.g., many of the metal hydride stores) have filling and dehvery times leading to power densities too low for many applications. 

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In Table 4 different SNF storage options and their relative costs are compared. From the table data it follows that in terms of relative costs the dry well storage is the most advantageous option [5],... 

Herzog et al [5] compared and summarized five ocean storage options as shown in Table 1. Fujioka et al [11] reported cost evaluation results on ocean disposal (capture and storage) options as shown in Table 2. 

Borohydrides such as NaBH4 in an aqueous solution of caustic soda have the highest gravimetric and volumetric storage densities compared with all other hydrogen storage options, including liquid hydrocarbons (see Section 2.1). The reaction with water is exothermic ... 

This last but one part of step 3 took approximately eight months for execution and ended with the THTR 300 in safe enclosure (FIG. 4), comparable with the US-SAFSTOR or the IAEA passive SAFE STORAGE option at end of February 1997. 

The PHI-TEC II adiabatic calorimeter as shown in Figure 12-17 was developed by Hazard Evaluation Laboratory Ltd. (UK). The PHI-TEC can be used both as a high sensitivity adiabatic calorimeter and as multi-purpose vent sizing device [17,18]. The PHI-TEC employs the principles established by DIERS and includes advanced features compared to the VSP. It also provides important information for storage and handling and provides useful insight into the options suitable for downstream disposal of vented material. 

Transportation of C02 by ships is suitable for offshore geological C02 storage and is favourable for longer distances (Heddle et al., 2003). One of the options where the use of ships could be favourable is the transportation of C02 from the onshore harbour with an intermediate storage facility to the underground geological storage site located offshore. There, C02 could be transferred into an injection well via a vertical pipeline. Ships would most probably come into play to supply offshore enhanced oil recovery projects with C02 (compare, e.g., Barrio et al., 2004). 

From the environmental and engineering standpoint, storage of three-RC units is more advantageous option as compared to that of non-dismantled NSs one needs by far less servicing, no crew on board, no nuclear hazard thanks to SNF imloading and... 

It is not improbable that, if using a complex approach to analyze the today s modes of SNF imloading, storage, transportation, reprocessing and disposal, the proposed reactor compartment disposal option would become the most safe and inexpensive. Anyway, to dispose non-defiieled reactor compartments of all-type decommissioned NS in dry mines, a parcel of land of about 415 (i.e. comparable to... 

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