Comparative data vertical

Data belonging to distribution profiles may be compared either vertically along the release/response ordinate or horizontally along the time abscissa. The semi-invariants (moments) provide a complete set of metrics, representing both aspects in logical sequence AUC accounts (vertically) for the difference of the extent, the mean compares (horizontally) the rates, and higher-order moments and higher-order statistics (variance, etc.) characterize the shape aspect from coarse to finer. 

The first example is a West African field comprising a number of stacked Tertiary reservoirs. Figure 13 compares the vertical distribution of API gravity, predicted with the non-mixing model, with the field data. (The model reservoirs are a simplified representation of the reservoirs in this field in that sands that are in vertical communication are rolled into single gross reservoirs. This means that we are only looking to see... 

Figure 27a compares the vertical distributions of Nd and Er in the South Atlantic and fig. 27b shows these same data in a plot which normalizes the Nd and Er concentrations... 

Figure 10-97B. Heat transfer data of reboilers boiling a hydrocarbon mixture in horizontal and vertical thermosiphon reboilers compared to a kettle reboiler. (Used by permission Yilmaz, S. B. Chemical Engineering Progress, V. 83, No. 11, p. 64, 1987. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. All rights reserved.)...

The profile shown in Figure 43.17 illustrates two different data acquisition points, one measured vertically and one measured horizontally, on the same machine and taken at the same time. Because they were obtained concurrently, they can be compared to determine the operating dynamics of the machine. 

The exposure site is selected according to the service for which the data are to be applicable. For atmospheric service, such factors as marine and industrial contaminants, sunlight, dew and sand abrasion, must be considered. Atmospheric specimens are normally mounted at 45°, facing south. This has been shown to provide about a 2 1 acceleration of failure compared with a vertical exposure. Whether this or other standardised positions are used, the details of the exposure are an important part of the test record. 

Vertical surface collectors can readily provide information on relative drift (e.g., the amount of drift from one field trial compared to another). However, it is difficult to obtain absolute data unless the precise collection characteristics are known for the droplet size spectrum at the point of spray collection, wind speed and air turbulence intensity. " The SDTF conducted studies in wind tunnels to compare the collection efficiency of different types of drift collector used in its field studies. These studies showed that collection efficiency on strings was several orders of magnitude higher for 0.8-mm diameter cotton string than for 2-mm diameter polyethylene line and vertical o -cellulose strips or squares. The higher collection efficiency for the cotton... 

Fig. 4.2 shows the data of Pleskow and Mukherjee together with pKs values from other sources (cf., ref. 19) as vertical pH titration ranges, the overall picture of which appears reasonably comparable to that of the potential ranges in Fig. 4.1. 

The constants CrC6 and FrL for each fluid are evaluated from the experimental data. The correlation thus obtained compared reasonably well with experimental data (Wright, 1961 Jallouk, 1974 Shah, 1976, 1982 Steiner and Schlunder, 1977 Gungor and Winterton, 1986). In a later article, Kandlikar (1989) simplified the above equations into one for both vertical and horizontal tubes ... 

Model results in seawater are in good agreement with observational data of PFOA. Most differences can be attpageributed to deficiencies of the emission scenario. Despite this fact, the difference between model results and observational data are due to the limited horizontal and process resolution and the fact that the physical parameters of the model (temperature, surface pressure, vorticity or divergence of the wind velocity field) were not relaxed to observational data. Regarding these limitations, in particular individual vertical profiles compare quite well with observations. This study underlines the importance of the ocean as a transport medium of PFOA. The contribution of volatile precursor substances to long-range transport needs to be assessed. 

The Bandwidth is essentially a normalized half confidence band. The confidence interval bandwidths for 9 data sets using inverse transformed data are given in Table X. The bandwidths are approximately the vertical widths of response from the line to either band. The best band was found for chlorpyrifos, 1.5%, at the minimum width (located at the mean value of the response) and 4.9% at the minimum or lowest point on the graph. Values for fenvalerate and chlorothalonil were slightly higher, 2.1-2.2% at the mean level. The width at the lowest amount for the former was smaller due to a lower scatter of its points. The same reason explains the difference between fenvalerate and Dataset B. Similarly, the lack of points in Dataset A produced a band that was twice as wide when compared to Dataset B. Dataset C gave a much wider band when compared to Dataset B. 

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