Common cold derivatives

Ledebouriella divaricata Hiroe. Fang Feng (root) Essential oils, alcohol derivatives, organic acids.33 Antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, treat migraine headache, common cold and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Echinacea is derived from the root and seeds of the Echinacea plant that grows in parts of the Midwestern United States. This herb is used primarily to stimulate or support the immune system, and is often used to treat cold symptoms and other relatively minor respiratory tract infections.8 38 Although the exact reasons for beneficial effects are unclear, there is considerable evidence that echinacea preparations can reduce symptoms of the common cold when taken soon after symptoms appear.5,71 The ability of echinacea to prevent colds and other infections, however, is less well defined.49 Echinacea can also be administered topically to treat burns and other localized wounds. The most common side effects associated with echinacea are gastrointestinal (GI) upset, skin rash, and other allergic or hypersensitivity reactions.36... 

R)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxy propionic acid 1 is a building block for the synthesis of Rupintrivir, a rhinovirus protease inhibitor currently in human clinical trials to treat the common cold (Fig. 1) [1, 2], Retrosynthetically, Rupintrivir was prepared from four fragments the lactam derivative Pi, the chiral 2-hydroxy acid P2 (compound 1), the valine derivative P3, and an isoxazole acid chloride P4 (Fig. 1). In this chapter the preparation of 1 using a biocatalytic reduction performed in a membrane reactor will be discussed in detail. 

The production of secretory antibodies in plants represents an important opportunity for the commercialization of plant-derived biopharmaceuticals. Planet Biotechnology is developing two additional secretory antibodies. RhinoRx is under development for the treatment of colds due to rhinovims, which represents about half of aU common colds and over 20 million doctors office visits a year. For the prevention of doxombidn-induced hair loss (alopeda) - a disturbing side effect for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy - Planet Biotechnology is developing DoxoRx. Each year in the US, over 250000 patients receive chemotherapy that results in hair loss. 

Flavan 4.44), which is the parent of innumerable colouring substances in fruits and flowers, is slightly active against 20 strains of common-cold virus in plaque tests. The highly lipophilic 4, 6-dichloro-derivative is much more active. How to administer such a water-insoluble substance effectively to human volunteers presented a problem but it does inhibit RNA synthesis in the parasitized cell, and the therapeutic index (mouse) is exceptionally high (Bauer etal., 1981). 

In the meantime, the medical establishment is no longer so totally dismissive of Pauling s views about possible therapeutic benefits of vitamin C on the common cold and cancer. A recent review of several studies concludes that although supplemental vitamin C does not decrease the incidence of the common cold it does diminish the duration and the severity of symptoms (Hemila 1992). This review also states that the level of vitamin C intake derived from a normal or balanced diet may be insufficient for optimal body function and that the substance is safe even in large amounts. 

The most frequently reported adverse events are headache, polycythemia, tiredness, common cold, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pains, chest pressure sensation, back pain, leg pain, and dizziness, as confirmed in a phase I open bioequivalence parallel group study of two recombinant human epoetin alfa products the pattern of the adverse events revealed no relevant differences between the erythropoietin derivatives [95 ]. Patients who were randomized to early intervention with immediate epoetin alfa (n = 68) or to standard intervention with epoetin alfa (n = 68), and a further 50 who were not randomized, pain, injection-site pain, bone pain, and deep vein thrombosis were observed [96 ]. 

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