Induced Hair Loss

The matrix cells of the follicular bulb constitute a pool of undifferentiated cells that have intense metabolic activity. A complete replicative cycle of matrix cells of follicles on a human scalp is about 39 h in duration. This rapid rate of turnover of cells is evidenced by numerous mitotic figures in matrix cells and is greater than that of any normal tissue, with the 

Every hair follicle on the human body, whether present on the scalp, brow, or trunk, moves through three phases (1) growing or anagen, (2) involution or catagen, and (3) resting or telogen. 

Anagen is followed by a brief involutional phase called catagen. Here the follicular cells cease division and the hair root shrivels to a small group of cells ascending toward the surface, pushing the inert hair shaft ahead of it. Another characteristic feature in catagen is the phenomenon of cell death by apoptosis. Apoptosis is observed in the outer sheath cells at the level of the bulb and of the epithelial column. 

Kanerva et al. (ed.). Handbook of Occupational Dermatology Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 

In humans these cycles occur in a relatively random fashion in the follicles at various sites of the body. In certain animals, e.g., the mouse or rabbit, the hair cycle is largely synchronized with regional waves of growth and loss leading to readily discernible areas of hair loss. Other animals are more mosaic (like humans) in their cycles. It is likely that patterns of cycling occur in humans the anterior hair line is one probable candidate. Identifying these minor areas of synchrony in humans has been difficult. 

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Pitchot W, Ansseau M. Venlafaxine-induced hair loss. Am J Psychiatry 2001 158(7) 159-60. 

In several studies, alopecia has been found more often with tacrolimus than ciclosporin, and severe alopecia has sometimes followed replacement of ciclosporin by tacrolimus. However, in the light of one detailed case report, and bearing in mind the minimal effect of tacrolimus on hair growth, it is not unlikely that alopecia has sometimes been mistakenly attributed to tacrolimus rather than to concomitant glucocorticoid-induced hair loss in the absence of the counteracting effects of ciclosporin (SEDA-21, 391). 

The production of secretory antibodies in plants represents an important opportunity for the commercialization of plant-derived biopharmaceuticals. Planet Biotechnology is developing two additional secretory antibodies. RhinoRx is under development for the treatment of colds due to rhinovims, which represents about half of aU common colds and over 20 million doctors office visits a year. For the prevention of doxombidn-induced hair loss (alopeda) - a disturbing side effect for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy - Planet Biotechnology is developing DoxoRx. Each year in the US, over 250000 patients receive chemotherapy that results in hair loss. 

Nagao T, Ibaya i S, Fujii K, Sugimori H, Sado ima S, Figi iima M Treatment of wai m-induced hair loss with ubidecarencxie. Lancet (1995) 346,1104-5. 

Percutaneous penetration can be in excess of 50% of applied dose. In theory, percutaneous penetration of occupational chemicals could lead to sufficient body burden to lead to hair loss. Similar kinetics are possible from inhalation. Future work in the field of occupation induced hair loss will benefit by including dermatopharmecokinetic data (Bronaugh and Maibach 1991). 

S. Heshmati and H.l. Maibach Chemically Induced Hair Loss... 

Kulogju M, Korkmaz S, Khic N, Saglam S, Gurkan Gurok M, Atmaca M. Olanzapine induced hair loss a case report. BCP 2012 22(4) 362-5. 

Hair A case of lornoxicam-induced hair loss has been reported. A 55-year-old woman started on lornoxicam 8mg twice daily due to inadequate pain relief by etoricoxib 90 mg twice daily only. Four days after initiation of lornoxicam, the patient noticed significant hair loss on the scalp. After discontinuation of lornoxicam, the hair loss improved [45 ]. 

Keny MS, Ghodge RR, Bandekar SM. Lornoxciam-induced hair loss an unusual case. J Postgrad Med 2013 59 218-9. 

The lack of zinc can also be a problem in biological systems and is responsible for disease states. For example, nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis can be induced in motor neurons by zinc-deficient SOD, and in some cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, zinc-deficient SOD may participate in this type of oxidative mechanism involving nitric oxide.969 One form of hereditary human hair loss or alopecia was mapped to a specific gene and a mutation found in affected individuals. The gene encodes a single zinc finger transcription factor protein with restricted expression in the brain and skin.970 Zinc has been implicated in Alzheimer s via beta amyloid formation, and a role has been attributed for the cerebral zinc metabolism in the neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease.971... 

Compared to glutathione (EC50 = 438 pM), a reliable antioxidant, which has been successfully used in animal models to protect against aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss, all tested fullerene derivatives are at least three- to fourfold more effective in blocking the gentamicin-induced hair cell loss. 

In rats, 90 day exposures to 1000 and 5000 ppm caused bilateral hair loss, extensive liver damage, and excessive mortality. The chronic toxicity of dichlorofluoromethane appears to be quite different from difluorinated methanes and more similar to the hepatotoxin chloroform. In mice 100,000 ppm induced arrhythmias and sensitized the heart to epinephrine. 

Dermatological reactions to lithium include acne, follicular eruptions, and psoriasis. Hair loss and thinning also have been reported. Except for cases of exacerbation of psoriasis, these reactions are usually benign and may not warrant discontinuation of lithium treatment. Lithium-induced acne responds to topical treatment with retinoid acid, such as tretinoin (Retin-A). 

Both transient and persistent hair loss have been associated with valproate use. Patients with valproate-induced alopecia may benefit from zinc supplementation, at a dose of 22.5 mg/day (Hurd et al. 1984). 

Biotin deficiency is rare but under laboratory conditions it can be induced by feeding subjects with large amounts of raw egg white which contains the protein, avidin, which has a binding site for the imidazole moiety of biotin, thus making it unavailable. Avidin is denatured by heat and, therefore, biotin binding occurs only in raw egg albumen. Symptoms of biotin deficiency include scaly dermatitis, hair loss, loss of appetite, nausea, hallucinations and depression. 

KENT Does the patient have gingival hyperplasia caused by phenytoin Does the patient have thrush or stomatitis that could be caused by a medication Does the patient have dry eyes caused by an anticholinergic medication effect Has the patient noted hair loss that could be due to valproic acid Is the patient able to swallow solid dosage forms. Does the patient complain of vertigo that could be medication induced ... 

Platinum-based chemotherapeutics induced hair cell death in rodents, albeit in variable patterns. In guinea pig, mice, and rat, cisplatin caused hearing loss that correlated to the loss of hair cells [36]. In the chinchilla, cisplatin predominantly affected outer hair cells and neurons [57], In contrast, carboplatin damaged IHCs, vestibular hair cells and auditory nerves only in chinchillas, and showed little ototoxic potency in other rodents and humans [41, 57, 58]. 

Ou HC, Raible DW, Rubel EW (2007) Cisplatin-induced hair cell loss in zebrafish (Danio rerio) lateral line. Hear Res 233(1-2) 46-53... 

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