Commercial housing developments

Furthermore, most commercial housing developments have large garden areas at their entrances and throughout the development. In these applications, geotextiles provide a separation function between the soil and mulch as well and prevent weeds from growing in mulch beds. 

Hunt and Kulmala have solved the full turbulent fluid flow for the Aaberg system using the k-e turbulent model or a variation of it as described in Chapter 13— the solution algorithm SIMPLE, the QUICK scheme, etc. Both commercial software and in-house-developed codes have been employed, and all the investigators have produced very similar findings. 

One disadvantage of in-house development is that a large committment to development and support is required. Another is that if commercial software has been available for a while, other users have probably found most of the bugs, with in-house software, in-house users must be patient and supportive during the debugging process. 

The appearance of expert systems to solve practical problems, also in chemistry, started in the eighties. During this period much experience has been acquired through the expected and unexpected problems that arose during such projects. Until now there are only a few commercially available expert systems and this is not likely to change in the near future. This implies that expert systems will be mostly in-house developments. The different steps to consider are ... 

NMR-tomographic method, any commercially available NMR spectrometer can be used. To inject samples from 384-format deep-well microtiter plates into the bundle automatically, an in-house-developed pipetting robot with a modified tray was used. 

In conclusion, the recent increase in the number of water-insoluble drug candidates will doubtless enhance the importance of oral lipid-based formulations in the coming years. If a candidate has adequate solubility in the vehicles described in this chapter, lipid-based systems will usually provide an attractive approach for efLcient in-house development of clinical and commercial formulations. 

Various categories of candidate methods may be considered. New methods described in the scientific literature may require in-house development. Commercial kit methods, on the other hand, are ready for implementation in the laboratory, often in a closed analytical system on a dedicated instrument. When reviewing prospective methods, attention should be given to the following ... 

Many clinical laboratories find it necessary to develop methods to detect various infectious agents for which there are no commercially available methods or systems. Laboratory-developed tests (LDT), formerly known as home-brew assays or in-house developed assays, are those assays tliat have been fuUy developed and validated by the laboratory that offers the testing. Usually, these assays use a combination of reagents that are purchased separately from various manufacturers. The analytical and clinical verification of the LDT is the responsibility of each laboratory, and this verification procedure is more complex than verification of an FDA-cleared or FDA-approved test. 

Twenty years is a relatively long time for a custom in-house-developed system of this type to survive. This is particularly true since viable commercial chemical database software came into existence in the late 1970s in the form of the MACCS system, which was widely adopted by industry, but the object of a great deal of user dissatisfaction. Cousin was regularly reviewed by both inside and outside reviewers against other available systems and remained the recommended choice. We believe that some of the reasons for this longevity were the following ... 

LIX 63, an aliphatic a-hydroxyoxime, was the first commercial reagent developed for copper. Although it was very selective for copper, it operated at pH values of 5 to 8. Since most leach solutions have pH values between 0.7 and 2.2, it was necessary to optimise the pH dependence of the extractants for use under more acidic conditions. The first reagent used in a full-scale plant was LIX 64N, a P-hydroxybenzophe-none oxime developed by General Mills (now Cognis) and comprising a mixture of LIX 63 (2% by mass) and LIX 65N (40%) (Arbiter and Fletcher 1994 House 1985 Dasher and Power 1971). 

In the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (CDM), the client s main duties are contained in Regulations 6,10, 11 and 12. A client is defined as any person for whom a project is carried out, whether carried out by another person or in-house . Where projects are carried out for domestic (non-commercial) clients, most of the CDM requirements apply neither to the contractor nor to the client, unless the client is also a client of a developer, when by Regulation 5 the domestic house developer is the de facto client until the project is completed. 

The project which commenced in August 87 is centred around 2 pilot test installations (an open and a closed fire) and involves the testing of candidate filters either obtained commercially or by in-house development/modification. 

As the value of real estate continues to increase, developers have mmed to sites that have been previously deemed too difficult to develop owing to poor soil conditions and/or topography. These sites include soft soils that require ground improvement or removal and replacement with suitable soils. In urban areas, commercial housing has been developed on former industrial or brownfield sites. These sites require barriers below the proposed structures to separate potential contaminants and vapors from the soil or rock beneath them. 

The utilization of commercially available finite element packages in the simulation of routine operations in industrial polymer processing is well established. However, these packages cannot be usually used as general research tools. Thus flexible in-house -created programs are needed to carry out the analysis required in the investigation, design and development of novel equipment and operations. 

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