Laboratory-developed tests

A number of different depressant combinations were examined during a laboratory development test programme. Oxalic acid, citric acid and fluorosilicic acid were among the... 

Lacking assay accuracy may also stem from the fact, that most LC-MS/MS methods used in clinical laboratories are still locally designed laboratory-developed tests operating on very heterogeneous instrument configurations. Consequently,... 

Many clinical laboratories find it necessary to develop methods to detect various infectious agents for which there are no commercially available methods or systems. Laboratory-developed tests (LDT), formerly known as home-brew assays or in-house developed assays, are those assays tliat have been fuUy developed and validated by the laboratory that offers the testing. Usually, these assays use a combination of reagents that are purchased separately from various manufacturers. The analytical and clinical verification of the LDT is the responsibility of each laboratory, and this verification procedure is more complex than verification of an FDA-cleared or FDA-approved test. 

Ruggedness testing is often performed by the laboratory developing the standard method. Potential factors are identified and their effects evaluated by performing the analysis while the factors are held at two levels. Normally one level for each factor is that given in the procedure, and the other is a level likely to be encountered when the procedure is used by other laboratories. 

One of the greatest tasks in providing compendial standards is to obtain, adapt, or develop test methods for determining compliance with the standards. Such methods must be capable of routine use in many laboratories by different personnel and equipment. There is a vast difference between a method that can be used in one laboratory by speciaHsts and one that can be used in many laboratories by generaHsts to determine whether chemicals pass or fail the estabHshed specifications. Additionally, the deterrninations must be reHable, because the results obtained may determine whether a product is safe or legal. 

Flammability. The results of small-scale laboratory tests of plastic foams have been recognized as not predictive of their tme behavior in other fire situations (205). Work aimed at developing tests to evaluate the performance of plastic foams in actual fire situations continues. All plastic foams are combustible, some burning more readily than others when exposed to fire. Some additives (131,135), when added in small quantities to the polymer, markedly improve the behavior of the foam in the presence of small fire sources. Plastic foams must be used properly following the manufacturers recommendations and any appHcable regulations. 

A sequence of tests has been devised to evaluate antioxidants for use in automotive crankcase lubricants. The Indiana Stirring Oxidation Test (ISOT) JISK2514 is an example of a laboratory screening test. The oil is stirred at 165.5°C in the presence of air. Copper and iron strips are used as metal catalysts. The development of sludge, viscosity, and acidity are deterrnined periodically. Failure time is determined when the development of acidity requires... 

The use of pilot-plant filter assemblies is both eommon and a elassieal approaeh to design methodology development. These eombine the filter with pumps, reeeivers, mixers, ete., in a single eompaet unit and may be rented at a nominal fee from filter manufaeturers, who supply operating instruetions and sometimes an operator. Preliminary tests are often run at the filter manufacturer s laboratory. Rough tests indicate what filter type to try in the pilot plant. 

As to the dollar-value of the Arsenal, its facilities are valued at over 500,000,000. The nature of these facilities varies, from the conventional to the nuclear. Conventional ammunition production lines, control laboratories and inspection systems are maintained in stand-by and are occasionally used in experimental or pilot-lot production. Nuclear weapons ammunition, components and devices are developed and produced in the. necessarily special research laboratories, proof-testing facilities and production and pilot assembly lines... 

This system includes measures and activities related to laboratory procedures, testing, analytical methods development and validation or verification, and the stability program. 

The wear resistance of rubber compounds is of great practical importance for tires, but the mechanisms involved in tire wear are multiple and may vary depending on the vehicle, the driving conditions, and other extraneous variables. Many attempts have been made to develop laboratory test methods to simulate tire wear under various conditions. Whilst none can fully replicate road wear, various laboratory abrasion tests can be used to provide an indicator of wear resistance of tires under certain conditions. 

H. C. Lau. Laboratory development and field testing of succinoglycan as a fluid-loss-control fluid. SPE Drilling Completion, 9(4) 221-226, December 1994. 

Software producers must fulfill the requirements for development, testing, and documentation. When the user is confident that these requirements have been met, and the system functions adequately to fulfill his or her needs, the user must perform validation prior to placing the software in service. An analytical laboratory is an example of an end-user that conducts testing prior to software/computer system installation. 

Field Applicability Testing (FAT) Workshop. In March 1982, the EPA Office of Research and Development convened a workshop with the specific objectives to (1) assess the state of knowledge on determining the field applicability of laboratory bioassay tests, toxicity studies, microcosm studies, and mathematical chemical exposure models (i.e., the extent to which these methods have been tested/compared with field data), and (2) recommend research objectives and priorities to advance the current level of field testing. Workshop attendees included representatives from EPA research laboratories, universities, and private industry. 

McCormick, C.L., et al. "Development of Laboratory Screening Tests to Predict Polymer Performance in Enhanced Oil Recovery (I). Shear Degradation, Viscosity, and Electrolyte Studies," prepared for DOE under contract No. EF-77-S-05-5603, 1977. 

In addition to continuous bench-scale work, CCDC carried out a rather extensive laboratory program involving the use of the microautoclave reactor. The program developed tests to compare the activities of different solvents. These tests quickly evaluated a solvent so that the performance under coal liquefaction conditions could be predicted. The tests are now used at the Wilsonville SRC Pilot Plant as a means of determining when stable operation has been achieved. 

The optimization of the formulation of fuels. ANNs can be used to develop relationships between the chemical composition of fuels and their performance, thus allowing the prediction of the properties of fuels that have yet to be formulated in the laboratory or tested in the field. 

You are employed in an analytical laboratory in a group measuring the concentration of residues of pesticides. Your company is developing tests for a new pesticide to determine the amount that is left in food after harvesting. You are asked to set up a quality management system, because your laboratory s management has decided that the quality of your group s analytical work should be assessed by an appropriate independent authority. 

Vicki Barwick obtained a first degree in Chemistry from the University of Nottingham. She then joined the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (which became LGC in 1996) as an analyst in the Consumer Safety Group. Vicki was involved with a number of projects to assess the safety of consumer products, including developing test methods for the identification of colourants in cosmetics and the quantitation of phthalate plasticizers in child-care items. 

Xanthated fatty acid mixture is a new line of collectors, specifically designed for beneficiation of oxide copper ores that contain dolomitic and carbonaceous gangue minerals [19]. This collector was developed after extensive laboratory development testwork. The effectiveness of this collector was compared to a standard xanthate collector in a series of continuous locked cycle tests (Table 19.5). 

Other Precautions L should be stored in containers made of glass for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDTE) quantities or one-ton steel containers for large quantities. Agent will be stored in a single containment system within a laboratory hood or in a double containment system. 

The test article concentration is normally the highest nonirritating concentration. Several concentrations could be tested at the same time should one wish to establish a dose-response curve for induction. The test is easiest to perform if the vehicle is a standard nonirritating organic, such as acetone, ethanol, or dimethylformamide, or a solvent-olive oil blend. Until a laboratory develops its own historical control base, it is also preferable to include a positive control group. Either 0.25% dinitricholoro-benzene or 0.05% oxazalone are recommended for positive controls. If the vehicle for the positive control is different than the vehicle for the test material, then two vehicle control groups may be necessary. 

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