Turbines, combustion

Combustion aids Combustion emissions Combustion technology Combustion turbines Comedos... 

Advanced Materials and Coatings for Combustion Turbines," ASM Congress Week, Oct. 17—21, 1993, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1994. 

In the United States, laws passed since the late 1970s have encouraged the development of cogeneration plants and independent power plants developed by nonutiHty power producers. Combustion-turbine-based faciHties have become extremely popular among nonutiHty power plant developers. Among the many reasons for selecting this technology is the abiHty to develop compact, modular, combustion-turbine-based power plants within one or two years. 

Fig. 8. Combustion turbines with process heat recovery (a) represents direct use of exhaust gas for process heating where industrial process includes refinery, chemicals, food processing, and ethanol production and (b) exhaust-to-water heat exchanger where industrial process includes material drying,...

Fig. 12. Combustion turbine engine simple cycle (a) schematic of plant and (b) thermodynamics, where the horizontal lines correspond to the pressure...

Several utility-scale demonstration facilities having power outputs in the 300-MW class have been constmcted in the United States and Europe. These started accumulating operating experience in 1995 and 1996. Other IGCC plants have been constmcted, including units fueled by petroleum coke and refinery bottoms. Advanced 500-MW class IGCC plants based around the latest heavy-duty combustion turbines are expected to be priced competitively with new pulverized-coal-fined plants utilising scmbbers. 

Rankine Cycle Thermodynamics. Carnot cycles provide the highest theoretical efficiency possible, but these are entirely gas phase. A drawback to a Carnot cycle is the need for gas compression. Producing efficient, large-volume compressors has been such a problem that combustion turbines and jet engines were not practical until the late 1940s. 

As of the mid-1990s, many older conventional steam plants have been converted to combined cycle. The old boiler is removed and replaced by a combustion turbine and heat recovery steam generator. Although the cycle efficiency is not as high as completely new plants, substantial capital cost is avoided by the modification and reuse of existing steam turbine and auxiHary equipment. In many combined cycle power plants, steam is injected into the combustors of the combustion turbine to lower peak flame temperatures and consequendy lower NO. ... 

In 1982, Texaco started up a 900 t/d gasifier at Southern California Edison s Cool Water faciUty. This was the first coal gasification plant to operate in an electric utihty environment, providing coal gas as fuel to a GE-frame 7E combustion turbine. The Cool Water gasification plant operated for over... 

Particulate removal from the coal gas is effected either through a series of dry-sofld and wet-sofld removal steps or through the use of dry soflds filters, so that the gas fed to the combustion turbine is essentially free of suspended particulates. The emissions of total suspended particulates (TSP) from a CGCC plant are about one-third those from a comparable pulverized coal plant equipped with a fabric filter and EGD unit. 

A commercial combustion turbine with the provision to inject, at any point upstream of the combustor, the externally supplied humidified and preheated supplementary compressed air. Engineering and mechanical aspects of the air injection for the compressed air injection plant concepts are similar to the steam injection for the power augmentation, which has accumulated significant operating experience. 

Brown Boveri Turbomachinery, Inc., MEGA PAK CT, The simple cycle combustion turbine plant designed for today s energy needs, Pub. No. 4875-BIO-7610. 

Plants (B) with modification of the fuel in combustion-turbine (CRGT) cycles... 

Stream PO reactor outlet PO turbine outlet Combustion turbine outlet Slack... 

Newby, R.A., Yang, W.C. and Banni.ster, R.L. (1997), Use of thermochemical recuperation in combustion turbine power systems, ASME Paper 97-GT-44. 

Ill] Sugisita, H., Mori, H. and Uemal.su, K. (1996), A study of advanced hydrogen/oxygen combustion turbines. Unpublished MHl report. 

Historically, internal combustion engines and combustion turbines have been considered unique and limited types of generation facilities. These are similar in many respects to engines used in the auto-... 

Natural gas also has an efficiency advantage in electricity generation. The economic and operational superiority of gas-fired combustion turbines and combined-cycle machines (and prospectively, the superiority of gas-powered fuel cells) relative to coal-and nuclear-powered steam turbines made the combination of natural gas and natural gas turbines the supply favorite of most electric utilities in the 1990s. 

The greatest success in new fossil fuel technology has a distant government-aid basis. The combustion turbine is a stationaiy adaptation of the jet engine. The combustion turbine s development and improvement were aided by government militaiy aircraft programs. However, turbine manufacturers independently developed the electric-power version. 

Newby, R. A., and Bannister, R. L. (1998). A Direct Coal-Fired Combustion Turbine Power System Based on Slagging Gasification with Iii-Site Gas Cleaning. Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbine and Power 120 450-454. 

The gas combustion turbine, more commonly called the gas turbine, uses natural or other gas or liquid fuel for combustion and the generation of hot gases for expansion... 

Nickel (Ni)/Copper (Cu)/Zinc (Zn) Nickel exhibits a mixture of ferrous and nonferrous metal properties, and Ni-based alloys are characterized by corrosion resistance. Therefore, Ni has been widely used in stainless steel (about 65% of the Ni consumed in the Western World) and superalloys/nonferrous alloys (12%). Turbine blades, discs and other critical parts of jet engines and land-based combustion turbines are fabricated from superalloys and Ni-based superalloys. The remaining 23% of consumption is applied in alloy steels, rechargeable batteries, catalysts and other chemicals, coinage, foundry products, and plating (USGS, 2006). 

---