Emissions tyre combustion

This chapter will present a short overview of worn tyre management practices, with data for the USA, followed by a discussion of the effects of energy recovery through tyre combustion on both solid waste products and atmospheric emissions. In addition to reviewing... 

Conserve natural resources Reduce NO, emissions Complete tyre combustion Large market... 

A larger-scale tyre combustion experiment was performed by Lemieux Ryan (1993) in order to collect emission data from a simulated open waste tyre fire. In addition to identifying a large number of organic compounds, including... 

Fig. 7. Comparison of normalized metal emissions from two stoker boilers. Values represent emissions from combustion of coal/tyre blends normalized to the respective emissions from combustion of pure coal. Purdue University data set is for 5 wt% TDF. Symbols for University of Iowa data set A, 4 wt% TDF , 8 wt% TDF. Data without error bars have standard deviations that are smaller than the symbols. Data from Table 8.

Several studies investigating the environmental effects of controlled tyre combustion have been conducted. It is evident that atmospheric emissions can be greatly reduced if proper air pollution control systems are installed. Laboratory and field data provide evidence indicating that concentrations of some environmental pollutants, especially NOx, may decrease due to tyre combustion, whereas others increase compared to pure coal combustion. Zinc is an example of an element that increases in both solid combustion products and atmospheric emissions. The geochemical impact of higher Zn contents in fly and bottom ash on leaching processes in disposal sites remains to be tested. 

Another key factor determining the emission levels is the bulk equivalence ratio ((l>) in the furnace, a parameter that describes the relative amounts of fuel and air. Levendis and co-workers (1996, 1998fo) have shown that for both coal and tyre (and for various blends thereof) the specific emissions, that is, the mass of a certain pollutant relative to the mass of fuel burned, vary systematically when the combustion environment changes from fuel-lean (low ) to fuel-rich (high results document that, at a given temperature,... 

Besides these laboratory experiments there are several emission studies on controlled tyre co-combustion in large-scale industrial facilities, including cement and lime kilns, utility boilers, and pulp and paper mills (Ohio Air Quality Development Authority 1991 EPRI 1991 EPA... 

OCS is found as a major sulfur compound in anodic gases of commercial aluminum smelters. Studies suggest a specific OCS emission of l-7kgt (Al). In 1993 aluminum production was responsible for between 0.02 Tg(S) yr and 0.14 Tg(S) yr of OCS emissions, which is only a small fraction of the annual global budget (Harnisch et al., 1995). Other sources of OCS are coal combustion 0.019 Tg(S) yr, industry 0.001 Tg(S) yr, the wear on tyres 0.04 Tg(S) yr and the combustion products from automobiles 0.002 Tg(S) yr (Kjellstrom, 1998). Carbon disulfide also has a range of anthropogenic sources such as chemical production 0.26 Tg(S) yr , industry 0.002 Tg(S) yr, aluminum production 0.004 Tg(S) yr, and combustion products from automobiles 0.0002 Tg(S) yr (Kjellstrom, 1998). 

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