Combustion pyrolysis

Separation, combustion, pyrolysis, hydrogena-tion, anaerobic fermen-tation, aerobic fermen-tation, biophotolysis, partial oxidation, steam reforming, chemical hy-drolysis, enzyme hydrol-ysis, other chemical conversions, natural processes... 

We compared and discussed about the release behavior of trace metals from coal under the condition of coal combustion, pyrolysis and steam gasification. Under the condition of combustion, the residual fraction of Zn and Sb was grater than in case of pyrolysis and the residual fraction of Se was smaller. Because a part of trace metals in coal was oxidized during combustion. Moreover the release of Se and Sb was promoted when steam existed in atmosphere, and the release of Hg was suppressed. 

Tewarson, A., "Physicochemical and Combustion Pyrolysis Propel— ties of Polymeric Materials," 1980, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, Technical Report NBS-GCR-80-295. 

Thermochemical conversion processes have met resistance from the environmental community and the public. An essential difference between direct combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification is that the latter two are intermediate processes for producing gaseous, liquid, and solid products that can be used in a wide variety of applications. Pyrolysis processes can be optimized for the production of biocrade oils. In the case of chemical and fuel production, the emissions from a direct process effluent can be avoided, although consideration must be given to emissions from the ultimate use of these products as they are used or combusted downstream. 

The physical and chemical processes by which PAHs and PACs are formed in combustion are very complex and beyond the scope of this book the reader is referred to articles in the literature such as those by Badger (1962), Haynes (1991), and Vander Wal and co-workers (1997). Only a relatively few PAHs (ca. 100) are stable enough to survive the combustion-pyrolysis... 

IRMS has become more and more important in food authenticity assessment, since cGC, coupled online via a suitable combustion/pyrolysis interface with IRMS has been realised. The substances eluted from the cGC column are converted into the corresponding gas (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and car-... 

Kahle K, Preston C, Richling E, Heckel F, Schreier P (2005) On-line gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HRGC-C/P-lRMS) of major volatiles from pear fruit (Pyrus communis) and pear products. Food Chem 91 449 Tamura H, Appel M, Richling E, Schreier P (2005) Authenticity assessment of y- and 5-deca-lactone from Prunus fruits by gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C/P-IRMS). J Agric Food Chem 53 5397... 

The combustion/pyrolysis of fossil fuels yields PAH mixtures in which unsubstituted compounds in the higher molecular weight (MW) range... 

Wilkins ES and Wilkins MG (1985.) Review of toxicity of gases emitted from combustion pyrolysis of municipal and industrial wastes. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A 20(2). 

C. Preston, E. Richhng, S. Elss, M. Appel, F. Heckel, A. Hartheb, P. Schreier (2003) On-line gas chromatography combustion/pyrolysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HRGC-C/P-IRMS) of pineapple Ananas comosus L. Merr.) volatiles. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51, 8027-8031... 

Baker, R.R. Formation of carbon oxides during tobacco combustion pyrolysis. Smdies in the presence of isotopic gases to elucidate reaction sequence J. Appl. Anal. Pyrol. 4 (1983) 297-334. 

David A. Hoecke is currently president and CEO of Enercon Systems, Inc. He graduated Ifom the Cooper Union with a B.S.M.E. His expertise is in the fields of waste combustion, pyrolysis, heat transfer, and gas cleaning. In 1960 he began working for Midland-Ross Corporation as a project engineer, rising to be its... 

The formation of easily combustible pyrolysis products is reduced by a dehydration effect of phosphor-nitrogen compounds in the finishing agent. 

Three general processes occur simultaneously during tobacco combustion pyrolysis, pyrosynthesis, and distillation. Pyrolysis refers to thermal decomposition of the organic leaf components into smaller molecules. Being partially unstable chemically, some of these newly formed fragments can recombine to form additional components (pyrosynthesis). Both pyrolysis and pyrosynthesis result in the presence of chemical species in tobacco... 

HDPE can present some health hazard during its combustion, pyrolysis, or during thermocutting, when smoke, fumes or toxic decomposition products can be formed. Irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes of the nose and throat are possible. In some cases this irritation has been traced to traces of acrolein or formaldehyde from thermooxidative decomposition. However, other large-scale Are testing of foamed PE imder actual conditions did not reveal significant acrolein formation and demonstrated that PE presents no worse hazard than cellulosic materials. Still other studies indicate that maximum evolution of irritants occurs from smoldering combustion at 300-400°C. 

The sensitivity of the wire transport detector, besides being dependent on the noise level of the system, also depends on the quantity of volatile pyrolysis products produced from the solute. Excluding synthetic polymers, which often quantitatively produce monomers on pyrolysis, many compounds only yield a few percent of their mass as volatile combustible pyrolysis products. Thus, the FID may only, in effect, detect a few percent of the solute... 

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