Detection kits

Dowers Grove, IL), insulin by a radio immunoassay by means of Coat-A-Count Insulin Detection Kit (Diagnostic Products Corp., Los Angeles, CA), and proteins by Bio-Rad Protein Assay (Bradford) method (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). 

Tropix Chemluminesence kit (Western-Star Protein Detection Kit, WL10RS Tropix, Bedford, MA). 

Fig. 2. Apoptotic cells fluorescently labeled using the TUNEL assay. Fixed paraffin-embedded rat mammary glands, 4 d postweaning (obtained from Oncor), were labeled using the TUNEL assay to detect apoptotic cells. Reagents were from Oncor s Apoptag Direct In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit (Fluorescein), which directly incorporates fluorescein-labeled dUTP in the TdT end-labeling reaction. All reagents were used as described by the manufacturer (see Note 1). (Abbreviations are as in text.)...

Following the Birmingham Six case, the Griess test has become somewhat discredited by the forensic community. It should be emphasized, however, that when properly used, it is an excellent tool which can serve as a basis for an efficient field test. An explosive detection kit (ETK (explosive testing kit)), partly based on the Griess test, was successfully used in Israel in several terror and non-terror investigations [49] (see below). 

A kit for detecting explosives on suspects hands or clothing — Explosives Handling Detection Kit — was developed by Newhouser and Dougherty in 1972 [96]. It was designed to detect three types of explosives, defined by the authors as TNT-based explosives, RDX-based explosives, and NG-... 

ZytoVision ZytoDot2C SPEC probes are labeled with DIG and DNP haptens and the probe hybridization sites can be visualized with a BISH detection kit including anti-DIG and anti-DNP antibodies. 

You can choose to build your own BISH detection kit from individual reagents from various vendors or to purchase a commercial BISH kit. Selecting a right color combination with good color contrast is a key for successful BISH assay detection. Color blindness is an important factor for deciding a color combination (7, 8). Common color combinations are (I) blue (AP-based detection) and red (AP-based detection), (2) black (HRP-based detection) and red (AP-based detection), and (3) green (HRP-based detection) and red (AP-based detection). 

Detection of TATP in the field has been problematic. Technologies have been developed that focus on the peroxide group. Of these tests, the most commonly available are field detection kits that rely on color changes brought on by chemical reactions. Mistral s PDK (Peroxide Detection Kit) offers chemical screening... 

Fig. 8. Morphological changes of apoptotic eosinophils induced by dexamethasone (Z2). After eosinophils were treated (a) without or (b) with dexamethasone (2 /u,M) for 12 h, cells were harvested and detected by TUNEL assay using the In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit (Boehringer Mannheim). Briefly, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized by proteinase K and incubated with the TUNEL reaction mixture containing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT). After washing to remove unbound enzyme conjugated antibody, the horseradish peroxidase retained in the immune complex was visualized by a substrate reaction with diaminobenzidine. The cell nucleus was counterstained with methanol green. Apoptotic eosinophils with nuclear DNA breaks were seen to stain dark brown using a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope (Nikon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in Fig. 8b.

Protein expression is visualized by the ECL Plus Western Blotting Detection Kit (GE Healthcare). 

Commercial LightCycler-apoB mutation detection kit (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). 

Nauck M, Wieland H, Marz W (2000) Evaluation of the Roche Diagnostics LightCycler-Apo 3500 Mutation Detection Kit. Clin Chem Lab Med 38 667-671... 

In June 1990 Dr. Peter Davies reported in JAMA that his research group had found a protein called Alzheimer s disease-associated protein (ADAP) in 86% of AD patients brains with none found in control subjects. Abbott labs in early 1991 produced an ADAP detection kit to be used in postmortem investigations. They hope to develop similar tests to be used with cerebral spinal fluid. 

Nucleic acids can also be biotinylated by nonenzymatic methods with photobiotin, a photoactivatable biotin analog (6), which can be commercially obtained from BRL, Sigma, and other commercial sources I have not compared the suitability of this method of biotin incorporation with that reported here, but expect that the method would be fully acceptable FMC (Rockland, ME) markets an alternate nonradioactive sequence detection kit known as Chemiprobe. The basis of this system is a chemical modification of cytosine residues m the probe DNA. After hybridization, the probe is detected by means of a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes the sulfonated DNA. Detection of the bound monoclonal antibody is achieved by means of an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated second antibody. 

C.R. Newhauser P.M. Dougherty, Explosives Handling Detection Kit , Tech Bull 33-73, US Dept of Justice, Gaithersburg, Md (1972)... 

Wyant, Development of a Simple Portable Detection Kit for Selected Explosives (1977) (AD A045000) 133) D.C. Leggett, Deter-... 

The sections are incubated in the rabbit polyclonal anti-VEGF (Santa Biotechnology, CA) and diluted 1 100 for 30 min at room temperature. Antigen-antibody reaction is detected using the biotin-streptavidin-based detection kit (Dako). The reaction is developed using DAB+hydrogen peroxide and counterstained with Mayer s hematoxylin. Exclusion of the primary antibody serves as a negative control. The results of this procedure are shown in Fig. 1.7. 

Sections (7 xm thick) of freshly frozen tissues are mounted on silane-coated slides and fixed with 4% buffered formaldehyde (pH 7.0) for 20 sec (Richter et al., 1999). The sections are rinsed in TBS (pH 7.4) for 15 sec, followed by incubation with EPOS antibody for 3 min at 37°C in an incubation chamber. They are rinsed twice for 15 sec each in TBS, and then developed with peroxidase-DAB detection kit (Dako) in a microwave oven (500 W) for 1 min during microwaving, the slides are cooled by a cold water bath (Werner et al., 1991). After being rinsed in tap water, the sections are counterstained with hematoxylin for lOsec. They are rinsed in tap water and cover-slipped. 

Schulze et al. [135] developed fused-silica chips dynamically coated with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose and utilized them for the separation of aromatic low molecular weight compounds such as serotonin, propranolol, a diol, and tryptophan. The authors used deep UV laser-induced fluorescence detection for these compounds. Schuchert-Shi et al. [136] identified ethanol, glucose, ethyl acetate, and ethyl butyrate, byproducts obtained in enzymatic conversions using hexokinase, glucose oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and esterase. The authors reported that the quantification for ethyl acetate was possible using contactless conductivity detection. Hu et al. [137] described the separation of reaction products of (3-thalassemia in a multiplex primer-extension reaction using NCE. The method developed was used for patient samples and the results coincided with those of a detection kit. 

The primary disadvantages of the immunoassay technique are the initial development costs for a detection kit and the inability to handle more than one analyte per analysis. 

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