Optically Table

Fig. 9.3. Optical alignment of the fiber-optic output with respect to the microscope axis (black line). A close up is shown of the side-port of the Axiovert 200 microscope and fiber-optic coupling of a modulated 514 nm laser source. Left the fiber output (coming from the right) is aligned onto the microscope axis enabling wide-held excitation. Right the fiber output is aligned slightly off axis, but sufficient to induce TIRF. The scale of the picture can be inferred from the optical table M6 screw mounts separated by 1 inch.

The whole setup is mounted on a floating optical table. An argon-ion laser operating at 488 nm serves for writing. Its beam is spatially filtered and expanded to a diameter of 5-10 mm. The polarization is perpendicular to the optical table. The beam is split into two halves of equal intensity and approximately symmetric optical paths. After the beam splitter, there are mirrors mounted on piezo ce-... 

Figure 15.5 Schematic of instrumental apparatus. The DT/MH-functionalized AgFON was surgically implanted into a rat with an optical window and integrated into a conventional laboratory Raman spectroscopy system. The Raman spectroscopy system consists of a Ti sapphire laser (Acx = 785 nm), band-pass filter, beam-steering optics, collection optics, and a long-pass filterto reject Raleigh scattered light. All of the optics fit on a 4 ft x 10 ft optical table.

The motivation of that effort is to improve spatial resolution, spectral resolution, measurement accuracy and sensitivity. Also of great interest is the implementation of single shot multiplex spectroscopy for turbulent combustion diagnostics. The CARS spectrometer consists in a portable, lightweight source assembly developed jointly with Quantel and in detection kits which can be adapted to various experimental problems. The source assembly comprises a frequency-doubled yag laser and a tunable dye laser space is provided on the optical table for various beam handling and combining optics ( 1 ). ... 

Being able to control u>0 and uir is not sufficient if we don t know their values. The repetition rate u>r is simply measured by a photo detector at the output of either the laser or the fiber. To measure the offset frequency oj0, a mode nu>r + u>0 on the red side of the comb is frequency doubled to 2(nu>r + oj0). If the comb contains more than an optical octave there will be a mode with the mode number 2n oscillating at 2nu>r+u>0. As sketched in Fig. 3 we take advantage of the fact that the offset frequency is common to all modes3 by creating the beat frequency (=difference frequency) between the frequency doubled red mode and the blue mode to obtain u>0. This method allowed the construction of a very simple frequency chain [14,15,16,17,18,19] that eventually operated with a single laser. It occupies only 1 square meter on our optical table with considerable potential for further miniaturization. At the same time it supplies us with a reference frequency grid across much of the visible and infrared spectrum. 

To summarize we have presented here a new concept for measuring optical frequencies, based on a well-stabilized train of optical impulses. This new technique has been applied to the measurement of the hydrogen IS — 2S transition, to calibrate iodine stabilized HeNe lasers, and to the Cesium Di line which is a cornerstone for a new determination of a. This development culminates in the fully phase locked single-laser optical frequency synthesizer. It uses a single femtosecond laser and is nevertheless capable of phase coherently linking the rf domain with a whole octave of optical frequencies. It occupies only 1 square meter on our optical table with considerable potential for further miniaturization. 

Figure 24.14 The left panel is a plan of the testing area near the LENS (reflected shock) tunnel 1 — 8 test section 2 — TDL probe 3 — 4 nozzle M = 8-16 4 — 8" reflected shock tube 5 — fiber optic and signal line conduit 6 — data acquisition and 7 — TDL system optical table. The right panel is a schematic diagram of the setup used to record water-vapor absorption in high-enthalpy flows 1 — InGaAs detectors 2 — tunable diode laser Ai = 1400.74 nm 3 — ring interferometer 4 — tunable diode laser A2 = 1395.69 nm and 5 — HoO reference cell...

At this point the furnace was removed from the optical table and placed on a microscope stage where digital micro-graphs were taken of the bubbles as they dissipated and eventually froze, Figure 14. 

Figure 11. Side-view schematic of optical table setup used for XSW experiments at undulator beamlines 5ID-C and 12ID-D at the Advanced Photon Source (Bedzyk et al., unpubhshed). The postmonochromator used for single-crystal XSW experiments has two separate rotary stages for tuning the Bragg reflections of the Si channel-cut (CC) crystals, and ion chambers (IC) for monitoring the X-...

The excitation beam should be normal to the cube assembly, and this is tested by placing a microscope slide across the face of the cube. A mirror held against the slide should reflect the excitation beam back through the iris. Once the cube assembly is positioned, it should be fixed to the table. By maintaining an excitation path parallel to the holes in the optical table, the cube assembly should already be centered using the appropriate rail mounts. 

Figure 12.3 Acousto optical defelectors (AODs) are used to steer the laser optical tweezer. Left a photograph of the AODs mounted on the optical table. The AODs are fixed to translators that allow fine adjustment of angle and translation with respect to the input laser beam. Right how the laser must enter the AOD at the Bragg angle so that the first order beam (which is the beam used to produce the optical trap) exits aligned with the microscope axis...

Optofluidics Fluidics Enabling Optics, Table 1 Some fluids used in optofluidic devices ... 

Additionally it is important that the liquid surface is isolated from vibration and shielded from adventitious draughts or acoustic waves. It is generally sufficient to place the liquid container on an active vibration-isolation table that is placed on a heavy optical table to which all other optical elements are fixed. The whole should be placed in a draught-proof enclosure. 

All components were arranged on a standard optical table, 25 mm grid spacing of 6 mm diameter metric threaded holes, for ease of arrangement. All optical components were mounted in standard steel or aluminium post and bases and using... 

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