Lenses collimating

The experiment was carried out by a continuously working Nd YAG-laser fabricated by NEC. The laser has a maximum output of 1200 W and is controlled by handling facility with a linear axle. A stage index fiber optical waveguide with a diameter of d=1000 pm was used for the control of the beam. The focusing optics consist of a focusing lens (f=l 16 mm) and a collimation lens (f=70 mm). 

In real curvature sensors, a vibrating membrane mirror is placed at the telescope focus, followed by a collimating lens, and a lens array. At the extremes of the membrane throw, the lens array is conjugate to the required planes. The defocus distance can be chosen by adjusting the vibration amplitude. The advantage of the collimated beam is that the beam size does not depend on the defocus distance. Optical fibers are attached to the individual lenses of the lens array, and each fiber leads to an avalanche photodiode (APD). These detectors are employed because they have zero readout noise. This wavefront sensor is practically insensitive to errors in the wavefront amplitude (by virtue of normahzing the intensity difference). 

Figure 2.21. A, High-intensity point source lamp B, parabolic mirror C, light baffle D, narrow slit E, collimating lens F, Coming filters G, reaction cell or series of cells H, focusing lens I, photomultiplier.

The initiation system consists of a nitrogen laser and the necessary optics to lead the beam to the sample cell. The laser emits pulses at 337.1 nm with 800 ps duration, with a typical repetition rate of less than 5 Hz. The optical components, aligned between the laser and the calorimetric cell, consist of an iris (I), a support for neutral density filters (F), and a collimating lens (L). The iris is used to cut out most of the laser output and allow only a thin cylinder of light to pass through its aperture, set to 2 mm. The laser energy that reaches the cell is further... 

Figure 6.5. Diode laser head. The laser diode output passes successively through a three-element collimating lens, cylindrical lens, and anamorphic prism pair to become a fully collimated, circular, anastigmatic beam. Redrawn from Melles Griot product literature.

Many modern spectroscopes employ the diffraction grating instead of the prism. In the concave grating spectroscope, developed by Rowland, the collimating lens and telescope or camera objective are unnecessary because of the focusing effect of the grating itself. See Fig, 2,... 

Active-steered communication systems include a small laser diode, a collimating lens and beam-steering optics. 

To increase the absorbance detection sensitivity, both a collimating lens and a detection slit have been used in a PDMS chip to reduce collection of scattered light [707], An improved S/N ratio was also obtained by using tapered channel waveguides as the collimators as well as the elliptical lens for absorbance detection [708],... 

Fig. 14. Optical arrangement for holographic experiment (after Qu et al., 1985). 1, ruby laser 2, beam expander 3, collimating lens 4, mirror 5, particle field 6, lens 1 7, lens 2 8, recording film.

Figure 3.1-6 The main components of a grating spectrometer N is the number of interfering rays, given by the number of rules so is the half width of the diffraction pattern of the collimator lens with the diameter D and the focal length /, it determines the optimal slit width (Laqua, 1980), h is the slit length.

Figure 3.1-9 The significant features of a prism spectrometer h length of the basis, 7 angle of the prism, D diameter of the collimator lens with the focal length /, 5 width and h length of the entrance slit.

Figure 3.2a. This state is photoactive and it generates the Tx state in a consecutive step (Fig. 3.62). Generation of singlet oxygen by TPA may also have an impact for prospective applications. TPE occurs mainly at the focus of the collimating lens. Excitation of the target sample can occur even in thick samples...

Photolysis Photolyses were conducted in quartz cells (1 cm path length, equipped with stirrer bar) with 2-8 mg of resin suspended in 3 mL of solvent in the beam of a 500 W high-pressure Hg lamp fitted with a 280-400 nm dichroic mirror and a 320 nm cut-off filter. The power level was adjusted between 50 and 1000 mW cm by means of a collimating lens. The cells were maintained at 20 °C and irradiated horizontally with gentle mixing of the beads by means of a magnetic stirrer. After photolysis, the supernatant was analyzed by UV spectroscopy and reversed-phase HPLC. Alternatively, the photolysis can also be performed directly in microtiter plates. 

The irradiation system consisted of an Optical Module X (model SX-UI500 MQQ) and a power supply unit (model BA-H500) (360 nm cutoff, 70-450 mW/cm, and the distances between the collimator lens and the quartz cuvette were 40-160 cm) was obtained from USIO Electronics (Tokyo, Japan). The light power meter was purchased from Advantest (Tokyo, Japan). A Lumat LB 9501 (Berthold, Wildbad, Germany) was used to measure the CL with a round-bottom glass tube (75 x 12 mm... 

Collimating lens/es Optical system used to produce a parallel or near-parallel beam of light. 

An interferometer is an apparatus used to measure the refractive index of a gas or liquid. Light from a slit is rendered parallel by means of a collimating lens and then passed through two slits in front of a sample cell and a reference cell. A second lens focuses these two beams on a plate. 

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