Stage INDEX

In a single stage, without liquid recycle, the conversion can be optimized between 60 and 90%. The very paraffinic residue is used to make lubricant oil bases of high viscosity index in the range of 150 N to 350 N the residue can also be used as feedstock to steam cracking plants providing ethylene and propylene yields equal to those from paraffinic naphthas, or as additional feedstock to catalytic cracking units. 

The experiment was carried out by a continuously working Nd YAG-laser fabricated by NEC. The laser has a maximum output of 1200 W and is controlled by handling facility with a linear axle. A stage index fiber optical waveguide with a diameter of d=1000 pm was used for the control of the beam. The focusing optics consist of a focusing lens (f=l 16 mm) and a collimation lens (f=70 mm). 

An indatable diaphragm or membrane has been used in membrane plate presses closely related to the conventional plate and frame presses. A pressure filtration period is foUowed by compression with the hydraulically operated membrane or by a hydraulically operated ram if dexible rim seals are fitted. This principle also is used in vertical presses that use either one or two endless cloth belts indexing between plates. Indatable membrane also may be used on a cylindrical filtration surface with or without a preceding pressure filtration stage. 

The Flat-bed pressure filter (Hydromation Engineering Co. Ltd.) (19) is based on the above principle. The pressure compartment consists of two halves, top and bottom. The bottom half is stationary while the top half can be raised to allow the belt and the cake to pass out of the compartment, and can be lowered onto the belt during the filtration and dewatering stage. The filter can be considered as a horizontal filter press with an indexing cloth in comparison with a conventional filter press, however, this filter allows only the lower face of the chamber to be used for filtration. 

The final product of all the above processes is iron(III) oxide, a-Fe202, but its properties are deterrnined by the method of preparation. Thermal dehydration of goethite yields a pigment of lowest (4.5 g/cm ) density. The highest (5.2 g/cm ) density pigment is one prepared by two-stage calcination. The particle si2e varies from 0.3 to 4 p.m the refractive index varies from 2.94 to 3.22. 

The Separation Stage. A fundamental quantity, a, exists in all stochastic separation processes, and is an index of the steady-state separation that can be attained in an element of the process equipment. The numerical value of a is developed for each process under consideration in the subsequent sections. The separation stage, which in a continuous separation process is called the transfer unit or equivalent theoretical plate, may be considered as a device separating a feed stream, or streams, into two product streams, often called heads and tails, or product and waste, such that the concentrations of the components in the two effluent streams are related by the quantity, d. For the case of the separation of a binary mixture this relationship is... 

In design practice, a less rigorous parameter, HETP, is used as an index of packing efficiency. Tne HETP is the height of packed bed required to achieve a theoretical stage. The terms Hoe and HETP may be related under certain conditions ... 

Usually, however, it is not feasible to establi a stage or overall efficiency or a leaching rate index (e.g., overall coefficient) without testing small-scale models of likely apparatus. In fact, the results of such tests may have to be scaled up empirically, without explicit evaluation of rate or quasi-equilibrium indices. 

At the eurrent stage of development, the risk index assoeiated with eomponent assembly variability is the produet of the eomponent s handling and fitting risks ... 

The so-called Q7 tools and techniques, Cause and Effect Diagrams, Pareto Analysis, etc. (Bicheno, 1994 Dale and McQuater, 1998 Straker, 1995), are applicable to any stage of the product development process. Indeed they support the working of some of the techniques mentioned, for example using a Pareto chart for prioritizing the potential risks in terms of the RPN index for a design as determined in FMEA (see Appendix III). 

Filter plugged index to monitor the condition of each stages of filters... 

The reaction mixture is heated and allowed to reflux, under atmospheric pressure at about 100°C. At this stage valve A is open and valve B is closed. Because the reaction is strongly exothermic initially it may be necessary to use cooling water in the jacket at this stage. The condensation reaction will take a number of hours, e.g. 2-4 hours, since under the acidic conditions the formation of phenol-alcohols is rather slow. When the resin separates from the aqueous phase and the resin reaches the requisite degree of condensation, as indicated by refractive index measurements, the valves are changed over (i.e. valve A is closed and valve B opened) and water present is distilled off. 

The non-Newtonian index is plotted against the blend ratio in Fig. 2. There are three distinct stages of the change of value with %NBR in the preblend. First, a decrease of up to 40% of NBR, a rapid rise of up to 60% of NBR, and beyond this ratio a further decrease are observed. Heating of blends shows the only minimum at 50 50 ratio. It is obvious that 60-50% of Hypalon in the NBR-Hypalon blend is an optimum range where maximum extent of interchain crosslinking reaction is expected, and this blend is supposed to be more pseudoplastic. 

---