Collector Box

When a small fraction ( 6 percent) of a packed tower liquid is withdrawn, a special collector box can be installed within the packing 

Below are some mechanical considerations generally applying to liquid outlets  

Areas in the column that are likely to be heavily loaded with liquid, such as drawoff sumps, require special attention. Thus, the design may call for trusses to be added to the structure. 

Pipe supports should be located near the outlet nozzles so that the pipes are not supported by the nozzles. Pipe guides should be used to prevent pipes from swaying in the wind. 

All liquid outlet areas must have low-point drains or weep holes to allow liquid drainage at shutdown. Recommended weep-hole practices are discussed in Sec. 7.11. 

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Where only about 5% or less of the liquid dow iiflow is to be withdrawn from the column, a special collector box can be installed within the packed bed. This box can remove small quantities of intermediate boiling components that otherwise w ould accumulate in a sufficient quantity to interfere with the fractionation operation. Such a collector box must be designed very carefully to avoid interference with the vapor distribution above it or... 

Fig. 27. Production diagram of methyl(phenylaminomethyl)diethoxysilane 1 -etherificator 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 - batch boxers 4, 9, 13 - coolers 6 - reactor 10, 16 -nutsch filters 11, 17- collector boxes 12- distillation tank 14, 15 - receptacles 18 - depository...

Humidiher components Air conditioner drip pan Collector boxes Vent conduits... 

Fig. 3 shows an idealised solar collector (generator) containing adsorbent which is connected to a condenser that rejects heat to the environment and an insulated box containing a liquid receiver and a flooded evaporator. Fig. 4 shows the p-T-x (pressure - temperature - concentration or Clapeyron diagram) for the adsorbent-adsorbate pair with typical temperatures. 

In 1909 one company began selling solar water heaters with separate collectors and insulated storage tanks. The collectors were made of copper tubing soldered to a copper plate in a glass covered box. The hot water was transferred to the storage tank by thermosyphon action, so the insulated tank had to be installed above the collector, typically in the attic or on the roof It was often connected to an auxiliary heater on the stove or furnace to supplement solar... 

On land, too, there are changes in the way plastics are disposed of. In the UK some local authorities are actively promoting recycling of plastic bottles and poly(styrene) containers, for example by schemes where local residents place recyclable materials in designated boxes for refuse collectors. These boxes are taken to a Materials Reclamation Facility for final sorting of the plastics waste. 

Fignre 27.3 shows a typical spectroelectrochemical cell for in sitn XRD on battery electrode materials. The interior of the cell has a construction similar to a coin cell. It consists of a thin Al203-coated LiCo02 cathode on an aluminum foil current collector, a lithium foil anode, a microporous polypropylene separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte (IMLiPFg in a 1 1 ethylene carbonate/dimethylcarbonate solvent). The cell had Mylar windows, an aluminum housing, and was hermetically sealed in a glove box. 

The samples were collected from the cathodes 2.5 cm away from the current collector tab, washed in pure dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and soaked in DMC for 30 minutes after removal from Li-ion cells inside an argon-filled glove box. This procedure removed electrolyte salt from the electrode to prevent its reaction with air and moisture. An integrated Raman microscope system Labram made by ISA Groupe Horiba was used to analyze and map the cathode surface structure and composition. The excitation source was an internal He-Ne (632 nm) 10 mW laser. The power of the laser beam was adjusted to 0.1 mW with neutral filters of various optical densities. The size of the laser beam at the sample was 1.2 pm. 

A variety of different types of collectors may be used, depending on circumstances. Dry collectors, for example, are widely used in different types of plants and are suitable for conditions where the dust is relatively free from moisture. They can be installed and operated at medium cost and high efficiency. They are normally located outside the plant and are made up of a box with an inverted conical base or hopper. Inside the box are hung a number of tubular or envelope-shaped filters through which the air is passed. The filters may be made of cotton, wool, paper, glass cloth, or synthetics. Dust is built up on the filters until the resistance to flow... 

A cyclone collector is another type of dry collector and is in the form of an inverted cone, but with no box. The incoming air containing contaminants is passed into the cone where it is spun at high speed. The spinning causes the solids to settle out to the periphery and fall into the apex of the cone for removal. Because of the relative densities, it is most effective with larger coarse particles, and not useful for fine particles. 

The bias collector current is a DC value, so we must run a DC Sweep to find its minimum or maximum value. Obtain the DC Sweep dialog box Select PSpice and then New Simulation Profile from the Capture menus, enter a name for the profile, and then click the Create button. Select the DC Sweep Analysis type. Fill in the parameters as shown ... 

The dialog box is set up to simulate the circuit at Vcc = 15 V. This was already specified in the circuit and appears to be redundant. It must be specified because the Worst Case analysis must run in conjunction with an AC Sweep, a DC Sweep, or a Transient Analysis. Since we are interested in the DC collector current we must set up a DC Sweep. 

The dialog box is set up to find the worst case value of l(RC). Since the current through Rc is the collector current, we are... 

To find the minimum collector current, all we have to do is modify the MOfltS CdrlO/WorSt-CdSe Output File Options dialog box to find the minimum value. Modify the dialog box as shown ... 

When biasing a BJT, we are also interested in the collector to emitter voltage, V g The minimum or maximum value of Vq can also be easily found using the Worst Case analysis. We can use the same setup that was used to find the collector current. All we have to do is modify the Monte CarlO/WorSt Case settings. Fill in the dialog boxes as shown below ... 

The NASA Genesis mission (see Box 4.3), launched in 2001, was designed to collect solar wind over a 2.5-year period. Special collector materials were designed to be free of contaminants so that clean measurements of the isotopic compositions of trapped solar wind... 

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