Collected food waste

A large portion of the household organic waste in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam is eaten by farm animals or fed to pets. Pig and poultry farmers routinely collect food waste from households, hotel and restaurants for animal feed. 

Purity of the fraction collected, as Table 14.2 clearly shows, and random analyses of food waste indicate the excellent quality of organic material collected. The level of purity allows adoption of relatively simplified screening/ refining equipment at compost sites (which decreases costs and reduces the total amount of rejected materials) and ensures production of a high-quality compost. Usually, where schemes with collection at the doorstep are being run, the purity (percentage of compostable materials inside the collected food waste) ranges between 95-99%. 

Table 14.2 Purity of collected food waste (assessed through compositional ...

Collection of food waste at the doorstep allows municipalities to achieve much higher recycling rates (even topping 60-70% and more in small municipalities, 50% in Monza, with a population of approximately 120,000) and a much better quality of collected food waste [12-14]. 

A further tool to optimise the scheme is the use of suitable vehicles to collect food waste, due to its high bulk density when garden waste is kept out of the collection... 

There are numerous misconceptions about the sources of various chemical elements in waste, particularly those that are potential acid formers when the waste is incinerated or mechanically converted and used as a refuse-derived fuel. For example, it is often mistakenly stated that the source of chlorine in waste, hence a potential source of HCl emissions, is poly(vinyl chloride). The relative contents of selected, potentially acid-forming elements in the organic portion of a sample of waste collected from various households in one U.S. East Coast city is given in Table 2 (17). In this city, a chief source of chlorine in the waste is NaCl, probably from food waste. 

Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry Municipal wastes and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions Waste from agricultural, horticultural, hunting, fishing and aquaculture primary production, food preparation and processing... 

PLA is also finding growing use in the manufacture of thermoformed disposable serviceware. Because of its compostability, cups and containers made from PLA can be collected with food waste and transported to an appropriate commercial composting facility. Cups also feature high gloss and clarity, strength and excellent printability. 

A notable development for BioBag was the selection of BioBag by the city of San Francisco for their residential food waste collection programme. The city is distributing 100,000 rolls of BioBags to residents within the county so that they can divert food and other biodegradable waste from landfill. San Francisco residents can now purchase additional supplies at over 100 outlets in the bay area. 

Fig. 16 Single-cell mRNA extraction microfluidic device, filled with food dye for illustration. All flow channels are filled with yellow food dye, multiplexer control channels are filled with red dye, collection and waste channels are in blue. Insets 1-4 show enlargements of four important areas of the chip. After loading the cell suspension from the cell input inlet, single-cells are captured in the cell lysis module (inset 1) within the flow channels (blue). The pump valves are green. The separation valve is black. The lysis buffer is yellow [133]...

Thermoplastic starch is also blended with other polymers to improve its properties for particular applications. For example, a bag for collection of household food waste for composting that readily dissolved when it got wet would not function very well In applications such as this, the resins used for blending are also biodegradable, so that they do not interfere with the composting operation. In other cases, starch is blended with nonbiodegradable resins such as polyolefins. 

The FPU ecological section is designed for discharge water and oil contaminated water treatment, solid domestic and food waste collection, treatment and disposal. 

Carton recovery rate is low as it is generally mixed with food waste. In curbside collection, cartons should be placed for collection widi plastics/glass and metal, not waste paper. 

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